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linux下安裝oracle 11g數據庫的方法

發布時間:2020-08-24 09:33:44 來源:億速云 閱讀:165 作者:小新 欄目:建站服務器

小編給大家分享一下linux下安裝oracle 11g數據庫的方法,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討吧!

linux下命令行安裝oracle 11g數據庫

1、準備:

本次安裝的基本環境:vmware中安裝centos6.10(虛擬機安裝這里就不做介紹了)

虛擬機要求:內存推薦2G以上

需要下載Linux版本下對應的oracle安裝包:

下載地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

對應的oracle版本:

      linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

      linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

課程

2、機器基礎配置修改

1)設置系統:Oracle只支持操作系統Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需將/etc/redhat-release中的內容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release  
#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

(2)機器信息關閉,selinux,防火墻的不必要的服務

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config                         //selinux關閉(disabled)
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop                        //防火墻關閉
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.152.130   Oracle                          //新增行:IP 機器名(這是我的ip和主機名)

(3)修改用戶的限制文件

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf                //在該文件內添加以下內容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

(4)修改內核參數

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下內容
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 
fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.shmall = 10523004 
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 
net.core.rmem_default=262144 
net.core.wmem_default=262144 
net.core.rmem_max=4194304 
net.core.wmem_max=1048576 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p				// 執行這條語句使配置生效

(5)依賴包安裝

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立用戶、組,安裝目錄

(1)建立用戶、組

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper
[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle		//查看用戶所屬組
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

(2)新建安裝目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

(3)設置并刷新環境變量

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile   //給該文件添加以下內容
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile		//執行該句使配置生效

4、安裝Oracle

(1)拷貝Oracle安裝文件到指定目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

(2)切換到oracle用戶,解壓安裝包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解壓后得到database目錄,其中response目錄里面有三個rsp文件,用來作為靜默安裝時應答文件的模板。分別為:

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l
total 76
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安裝應答
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db_install.rsp      //創建數據庫應答
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立監聽,本地服務名等網絡設置

(5)修改配置文件,安裝Oracle數據庫

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //備份

(6)修改后的靜默安裝配置文件db_install.rsp內容如下:

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$'
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=

(7)開始靜默安裝

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database
[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

(8)查看安裝進度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs
[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

(9)當出現以下信息時

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	1. Open a terminal window
	2. Log in  as "root"
	3. Run the scripts
	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

打開新的客戶端使用root身份執行以下腳本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

(10)執行完上面的腳本后回到安裝界面按下Enter繼續。

5、配置Oracle監聽

(1)運行監聽文件

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

運行成功之后,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目錄下會生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora兩個文件

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

執行以下命令查看監聽器是否已經在1521端口上開始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
tcp        0      0 :::1521                     :::*                        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果監聽沒有啟動,則手動啟動監聽器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

(2)配置Oracle數據庫

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd
/var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局數據庫的名字=SID+主機域名
SID="ora11g"    //149行 SID
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 編碼
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 編碼

(3)創建數據庫

[oracle@Oracle ~]$  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、啟動數據庫

進入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

啟動時會出現以上錯誤,解決方法如下:找到init.ora.78201817526文件,將其復制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目錄下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora           //定位尋找目標文件
/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目標文件
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls
init.ora.78201817526
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //將目標文件改成所需文件名

進入到Oracle SQL命令行中,執行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup                                         //啟動數據庫實例
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             494929912 bytes
Database Buffers          339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

看完了這篇文章,相信你對linux下安裝oracle 11g數據庫的方法有了一定的了解,想了解更多相關知識,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!

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