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本篇內容介紹了“Objective-C如何使用KVO觀察屬性值變化”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
KVO
是蘋果為我們提供的一套強大的機制,用于觀察屬性值的變化,但是大家在日常開發中想必多少也感受到了使用上的一些不便利,比如:
添加觀察者和移除觀察者的次數需要一一對應,否則會 Crash
。
添加觀察者和接受到屬性變更通知的位置是分開的,不利于判斷上下文。
多次對同一個屬性值進行觀察,會觸發多次回調,影響業務邏輯。
為了解決上述三個問題,業界提出了一些方便開發者的開源方案,我們一起來看一下。
KVOController
建立在 Cocoa
久經考驗的 KVO
實現之上。它提供了一個簡單、現代的 API
,也是線程安全的。好處包括:
使用 blocks
、custom actions
或 NSKeyValueObserving
回調。
觀察者移除沒有異常。
控制器 dealloc
時隱式移除觀察者。
具有防止觀察者復活的特殊保護的線程安全。
其使用方式也很簡單:
// create KVO controller with observer FBKVOController *KVOController = [FBKVOController controllerWithObserver:self]; self.KVOController = KVOController; // observe clock date property [self.KVOController observe:clock keyPath:@"date" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial|NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(ClockView *clockView, Clock *clock, NSDictionary *change) { // update clock view with new value clockView.date = change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]; }];
同時,KVOController
還提供了分類,通過關聯引用自動幫你創建了 KVOController
框架,方便我們使用:
[self.KVOController observe:clock keyPath:@"date" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial|NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew action:@selector(updateClockWithDateChange:)];
我們來簡單看一下 KVOController
是怎么做的:
- (instancetype)initWithObserver:(nullable id)observer retainObserved:(BOOL)retainObserved { self = [super init]; if (nil != self) { _observer = observer; NSPointerFunctionsOptions keyOptions = retainObserved ? NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPointerPersonality : NSPointerFunctionsWeakMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPointerPersonality; _objectInfosMap = [[NSMapTable alloc] initWithKeyOptions:keyOptions valueOptions:NSPointerFunctionsStrongMemory|NSPointerFunctionsObjectPersonality capacity:0]; pthread_mutex_init(&_lock, NULL); } return self; }
KVOController
分為兩種:強引用和弱引用,其中強引用會在使用時持有被觀察的對象,反之弱引用則不會。所以在初始化的時候,會創建一個 objectInfosMap
,這個是 NSMapTable
,支持弱引用容器。同時會創建一個鎖。
注冊觀察者的時候的代碼如下:
- (void)observe:(nullable id)object keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(FBKVONotificationBlock)block { NSAssert(0 != keyPath.length && NULL != block, @"missing required parameters observe:%@ keyPath:%@ block:%p", object, keyPath, block); if (nil == object || 0 == keyPath.length || NULL == block) { return; } // create info _FBKVOInfo *info = [[_FBKVOInfo alloc] initWithController:self keyPath:keyPath options:options block:block]; // observe object with info [self _observe:object info:info]; }
通過創建 _FBKVOInfo
對象,來實現對觀察者信息的封裝,算是一個模型類,這個內部類的初始化方法如下:
- (instancetype)initWithController:(FBKVOController *)controller keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(FBKVONotificationBlock)block { return [self initWithController:controller keyPath:keyPath options:options block:block action:NULL context:NULL]; } - (instancetype)initWithController:(FBKVOController *)controller keyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options block:(nullable FBKVONotificationBlock)block action:(nullable SEL)action context:(nullable void *)context { self = [super init]; if (nil != self) { _controller = controller; _block = [block copy]; _keyPath = [keyPath copy]; _options = options; _action = action; _context = context; } return self; }
接下來會將觀察者的信息存儲到 KVOController
創建時初始化的 NSMapTable
中:
- (void)_observe:(id)object info:(_FBKVOInfo *)info { // lock pthread_mutex_lock(&_lock); NSMutableSet *infos = [_objectInfosMap objectForKey:object]; // check for info existence _FBKVOInfo *existingInfo = [infos member:info]; if (nil != existingInfo) { // observation info already exists; do not observe it again // unlock and return pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock); return; } // lazilly create set of infos if (nil == infos) { infos = [NSMutableSet set]; [_objectInfosMap setObject:infos forKey:object]; } // add info and oberve [infos addObject:info]; // unlock prior to callout pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock); [[_FBKVOSharedController sharedController] observe:object info:info]; }
objectInfosMap
是一個 NSMapTable
對象,使用被觀察的對象 object
作為 key
, NSMutableSet
作為 value
,如果已經有 info
存在了,不會進行二次觀察。集合存儲自定義對象需要判斷其 hash
值,_FBKVOInfo
的 hash
方法實現如下:
- (NSUInteger)hash { return [_keyPath hash]; } - (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object { if (nil == object) { return NO; } if (self == object) { return YES; } if (![object isKindOfClass:[self class]]) { return NO; } return [_keyPath isEqualToString:((_FBKVOInfo *)object)->_keyPath]; }
也就是說,觀察者、被觀察者和 keyPath
構成了觀察的唯一性。
接下來來看 _FBKVOSharedController
如何進行的觀察:
- (void)observe:(id)object info:(nullable _FBKVOInfo *)info { if (nil == info) { return; } // register info pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex); [_infos addObject:info]; pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex); // add observer [object addObserver:self forKeyPath:info->_keyPath options:info->_options context:(void *)info]; if (info->_state == _FBKVOInfoStateInitial) { info->_state = _FBKVOInfoStateObserving; } else if (info->_state == _FBKVOInfoStateNotObserving) { // this could happen when `NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial` is one of the NSKeyValueObservingOptions, // and the observer is unregistered within the callback block. // at this time the object has been registered as an observer (in Foundation KVO), // so we can safely unobserve it. [object removeObserver:self forKeyPath:info->_keyPath context:(void *)info]; } }
_FBKVOSharedController
會將 _FBKVOInfo
存儲到一個 NSHashTable
對象中,并對其進行 KVO
。
在接受到回調時的處理如下所示:
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(nullable id)object change:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)change context:(nullable void *)context { NSAssert(context, @"missing context keyPath:%@ object:%@ change:%@", keyPath, object, change); _FBKVOInfo *info; { // lookup context in registered infos, taking out a strong reference only if it exists pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex); info = [_infos member:(__bridge id)context]; pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex); } if (nil != info) { // take strong reference to controller FBKVOController *controller = info->_controller; if (nil != controller) { // take strong reference to observer id observer = controller.observer; if (nil != observer) { // dispatch custom block or action, fall back to default action if (info->_block) { NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *changeWithKeyPath = change; // add the keyPath to the change dictionary for clarity when mulitple keyPaths are being observed if (keyPath) { NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, id> *mChange = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:keyPath forKey:FBKVONotificationKeyPathKey]; [mChange addEntriesFromDictionary:change]; changeWithKeyPath = [mChange copy]; } info->_block(observer, object, changeWithKeyPath); } else if (info->_action) { #pragma clang diagnostic push #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks" [observer performSelector:info->_action withObject:change withObject:object]; #pragma clang diagnostic pop } else { [observer observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:object change:change context:info->_context]; } } } } }
就是根據在 _FBKVOInfo
中存儲的信息,進行相應的回調。
在持有 KVOController
的對象被銷毀的時候,KVOController
也會相應的取消對所有觀察對象的 KVO
防止出現 Crash
:
- (void)dealloc { [self unobserveAll]; pthread_mutex_destroy(&_lock); } - (void)unobserveAll { [self _unobserveAll]; } - (void)_unobserveAll { // lock pthread_mutex_lock(&_lock); NSMapTable *objectInfoMaps = [_objectInfosMap copy]; // clear table and map [_objectInfosMap removeAllObjects]; // unlock pthread_mutex_unlock(&_lock); _FBKVOSharedController *shareController = [_FBKVOSharedController sharedController]; for (id object in objectInfoMaps) { // unobserve each registered object and infos NSSet *infos = [objectInfoMaps objectForKey:object]; [shareController unobserve:object infos:infos]; } }
需要注意的是,使用 KVOController
觀察自身屬性的時候,會出現內存泄露的情況,這種情況下請記得使用 KVOControllerNonRetaining
來進行觀察,同時在觀察者 dealloc 的時候,調用 unobserveAll
方法。
很多時候是否引入一個第三方庫不是我們業務開發能決定的,而你又想在開發時安全方便的使用 KVO
,你可以參考 YYCategories
里提供的方案來做,使用方法如下:
[self.person addObserverBlockForKeyPath:@"age" block:^(id _Nonnull obj, id _Nonnull oldVal, id _Nonnull newVal) { NSLog(@"oldVal: %@, newVal: %@", oldVal, newVal); }];
其實現原理也很簡單,通過關聯對象設置一個 NSMutableDictionary
,這個字典以 keyPath
為 key
,與這個 key
有關的所有 block
組成的可變數組為 value
。
// 添加 `KVO` - (void)addObserverBlockForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath block:(void (^)(__weak id obj, id oldVal, id newVal))block { if (!keyPath || !block) return; _YYNSObjectKVOBlockTarget *target = [[_YYNSObjectKVOBlockTarget alloc] initWithBlock:block]; NSMutableDictionary *dic = [self _yy_allNSObjectObserverBlocks]; NSMutableArray *arr = dic[keyPath]; if (!arr) { arr = [NSMutableArray new]; dic[keyPath] = arr; } [arr addObject:target]; [self addObserver:target forKeyPath:keyPath options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:NULL]; } // 根據 `keyPath` 移除 `KVO` - (void)removeObserverBlocksForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath { if (!keyPath) return; NSMutableDictionary *dic = [self _yy_allNSObjectObserverBlocks]; NSMutableArray *arr = dic[keyPath]; [arr enumerateObjectsUsingBlock: ^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) { [self removeObserver:obj forKeyPath:keyPath]; }]; [dic removeObjectForKey:keyPath]; } // 移除 `KVO` - (void)removeObserverBlocks { NSMutableDictionary *dic = [self _yy_allNSObjectObserverBlocks]; [dic enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock: ^(NSString *key, NSArray *arr, BOOL *stop) { [arr enumerateObjectsUsingBlock: ^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) { [self removeObserver:obj forKeyPath:key]; }]; }]; [dic removeAllObjects]; } // 獲取當前注冊的所有 `KVO` `Block` - (NSMutableDictionary *)_yy_allNSObjectObserverBlocks { NSMutableDictionary *targets = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &block_key); if (!targets) { targets = [NSMutableDictionary new]; objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &block_key, targets, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); } return targets; }
而通知的回調則是放在 _YYNSObjectKVOBlockTarget
中的:
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context { if (!self.block) return; BOOL isPrior = [[change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNotificationIsPriorKey] boolValue]; if (isPrior) return; NSKeyValueChange changeKind = [[change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeKindKey] integerValue]; if (changeKind != NSKeyValueChangeSetting) return; id oldVal = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeOldKey]; if (oldVal == [NSNull null]) oldVal = nil; id newVal = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]; if (newVal == [NSNull null]) newVal = nil; self.block(object, oldVal, newVal); }
不過從源碼上看,還是需要自己在 dealloc
的時候移除觀察者的,不過這種方案的好處是可以多次監聽同一個 keyPath
,實現真正的一對多(雖然好像沒啥荷包蛋用)。
“Objective-C如何使用KVO觀察屬性值變化”的內容就介紹到這里了,感謝大家的閱讀。如果想了解更多行業相關的知識可以關注億速云網站,小編將為大家輸出更多高質量的實用文章!
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