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本篇內容介紹了“Python3怎么實現自定義比較排序”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
Python3和Python2相比有挺多變化。
在Python2中可以直接寫一個cmp函數作為參數傳入sort來自定義排序,但是Python3取消了。
在這里總結一下Python3的自定義排序的兩種寫法,歡迎補充。
我們以二維空間中的點來作為待排序的數據結構,我們希望能先比較x后再比較y。
class Pos: def __init__(self, x = 0, y = 0): self.x = x self.y = y def __str__(self): return ('(%s, %s)' % (self.x, self.y)) __repr__ = __str__
第一種方法我們還是以重寫cmp或lambda表達式的形式,和Python2很類似
注意,此方法用sorted是不能成功排序的
只是要借助functools
import functools def cmp(a, b): return a.x-b.x if a.x != b.x else a.y-b.y # x y均按照從小到大的順序 if __name__ == '__main__': test_list = [Pos(5, 1), Pos(2,5), Pos(2, 4)] # test_list.sort(key=functools.cmp_to_key(lambda a,b: a.x-b.x if a.x != b.x else a.y-b.y)) test_list.sort(key=functools.cmp_to_key(cmp)) # sorted(test_list, key=functools.cmp_to_key(cmp)) # 親測此方法不能成功排序 print(test_list) # 輸出結果 [(2, 4), (2, 5), (5, 1)]
Python2中可以直接重寫__cmp__方法來實現比較,但是Python3中已經取消了.
Python3中需要細分每一個比較運算符.
__lt__: < __gt__: > __ge__: >= __eq__: == __le__: <=
實現如下
class Pos: def __init__(self, x = 0, y = 0): self.x = x self.y = y def __str__(self): return ('(%s, %s)' % (self.x, self.y)) def __lt__(self, other): print('lt: ' + str(self)) return self.x < other.x if self.x != other.x else self.y < other.y def __gt__(self, other): print('gt: ' + str(self)) return self.x > other.x if self.x != other.x else self.y > other.y def __ge__(self, other): print('ge: ' + str(self)) return self.x >= other.x if self.x != other.x else self.y >= other.y def __eq__(self, other): print('eq: ' + str(self)) return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y def __le__(self, other): print('le: ' + str(self)) return self.x <= other.x if self.x != other.x else self.y <= other.y __repr__ = __str__
我們實踐一下
if __name__ == '__main__': if Pos(5,1) <= Pos(2,4): print('True!') if Pos(5,1) == Pos(2,4): print('True!') if Pos(5,1) > Pos(2,4): print('True!') # 輸出 # le: (5, 1) # eq: (5, 1) # gt: (5, 1) # True!
最后我們回到排序
if __name__ == '__main__': test_list = [Pos(5, 1), Pos(2,5), Pos(2, 4)] test_list.sort() print(test_list) test_list.sort(reverse=True) print(test_list) # 輸出 # lt: (2, 5) # lt: (2, 4) # [(2, 4), (2, 5), (5, 1)] # lt: (2, 5) # lt: (2, 4) # [(5, 1), (2, 5), (2, 4)]
# coding=gbk import random from array import array def swap(lyst,i,j): temp = lyst[i] lyst[i] = lyst[j] lyst[j] = temp #選擇排序,復雜度O(n^2) def selectionSort(lyst): i = 0 while i < len(lyst) - 1: minIndex = i j = i + 1 while j < len(lyst): if lyst[j] < lyst[minIndex]: minIndex = j j += 1 if minIndex != i: swap(lyst,minIndex,i) i += 1 #冒泡排序,復雜的O(n^2) def bubbleSort(lyst): n = len(lyst) while n > 1: i = 1 while i < n: if lyst[i] < lyst[i-1]: swap(lyst,i,i-1) i += 1 n -= 1 #冒泡排序優化改進最好情況 def bubbleSortWithTweak(lyst): n = len(lyst) while n > 1: swapped = False i = 1 while i < n: if lyst[i] < lyst[i-1]: swap(lyst,i,i-1) swapped = True i += 1 if not swapped: return n -= 1 #插入排序,復雜的O(n^2) def insertionSort(lyst): i = 1 while i < len(lyst): itemToInsert = lyst[i] j = i - 1 while j >= 0: if itemToInsert < lyst[j]: lyst[j+1] = lyst[j] j -= 1 else: break lyst[j+1] = itemToInsert i += 1 #快速排序,最好情況,復雜的O(n*(log2 n)),最壞情況,復雜的O(n^2) def quicksort(lyst): quicksortHelper(lyst,0,len(lyst)-1) def quicksortHelper(lyst,left,right): if left < right: pivotLocation = partition(lyst,left,right) quicksortHelper(lyst,left,pivotLocation-1) quicksortHelper(lyst,pivotLocation+1,right) def partition(lyst,left,right): middle = (left+right) // 2 pivot = lyst[middle] lyst[middle] = lyst[right] lyst[right] = pivot boundary = left for index in range(left,right): if lyst[index] < pivot: swap(lyst,index,boundary) boundary += 1 swap(lyst,right,boundary) return boundary #合并排序 def mergeSort(lyst): copyBuffer = [0]*(len(lyst)) mergeSortHelper(lyst,copyBuffer,0,len(lyst)-1) def mergeSortHelper(lyst,copyBuffer,low,high): if low < high: middle = (low+high)//2 mergeSortHelper(lyst,copyBuffer,low,middle) mergeSortHelper(lyst,copyBuffer,middle+1,high) merge(lyst,copyBuffer,low,middle,high) def merge(lyst,copyBuffer,low,middle,high): i1 = low i2 = middle + 1 for i in range(low,high+1): if i1 > middle: copyBuffer[i] = lyst[i2] i2 += 1 elif i2 > high: copyBuffer[i] = lyst[i1] i1 += 1 elif lyst[i1] < lyst[i2]: copyBuffer[i] = lyst[i1] i1 += 1 else : copyBuffer[i] = lyst[i2] i2 += 1 for i in range(low,high+1): lyst[i] = copyBuffer[i] def main(size = 20,sort = mergeSort): lyst = [] for count in range(size): lyst.append(random.randint(1,size+1)) print(lyst) sort(lyst) print(lyst) if __name__ == "__main__": main()
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