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小編給大家分享一下MySQL分區表如何實現按月份歸類,相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲,下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧!
一般的表(innodb)創建后只有一個 idb 文件:
create table normal_table(id int primary key, no int)
normal_table.ibd
創建按月份分區的分區表,注意!除了常規主鍵外,月份字段(用來分區的字段)也必須是主鍵:
create table partition_table(id int AUTO_INCREMENT, create_date date, name varchar(10), primary key(id, create_date)) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 partition by range(month(create_date))( partition quarter1 values less than(4), partition quarter2 values less than(7), partition quarter3 values less than(10), partition quarter4 values less than(13) );
查看數據庫文件:
partition_table#p#quarter1.ibd partition_table#p#quarter2.ibd partition_table#p#quarter3.ibd partition_table#p#quarter4.ibd
insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-01-25", "tom1"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-02-25", "tom2"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-03-25", "tom3"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-04-25", "tom4"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-05-25", "tom5"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-06-25", "tom6"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-07-25", "tom7"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-08-25", "tom8"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-09-25", "tom9"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-10-25", "tom10"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-11-25", "tom11"); insert into partition_table(create_date, name) values("2021-12-25", "tom12");
select count(*) from partition_table; > 12 查詢第二個分區(第二季度)的數據: select * from partition_table PARTITION(quarter2); 4 2021-04-25 tom4 5 2021-05-25 tom5 6 2021-06-25 tom6
當刪除表時,該表的所有分區文件都會被刪除
核心的兩個存儲過程:
auto_create_partition為創建表分區,調用后為該表創建到下月結束的表分區。
auto_del_partition為刪除表分區,方便歷史數據空間回收。
DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_create_partition$$ CREATE PROCEDURE `auto_create_partition`(IN `table_name` varchar(64)) BEGIN SET @next_month:=CONCAT(date_format(date_add(now(),interval 2 month),'%Y%m'),'01'); SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', table_name, '`', ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p', @next_month, " VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS(", @next_month ,")) );" ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END$$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS auto_del_partition$$ CREATE PROCEDURE `auto_del_partition`(IN `table_name` varchar(64),IN `reserved_month` int) BEGIN DECLARE v_finished INTEGER DEFAULT 0; DECLARE v_part_name varchar(100) DEFAULT ""; DECLARE part_cursor CURSOR FOR select partition_name from information_schema.partitions where table_schema = schema() and table_name=@table_name and partition_description < TO_DAYS(CONCAT(date_format(date_sub(now(),interval reserved_month month),'%Y%m'),'01')); DECLARE continue handler FOR NOT FOUND SET v_finished = TRUE; OPEN part_cursor; read_loop: LOOP FETCH part_cursor INTO v_part_name; if v_finished = 1 then leave read_loop; end if; SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', table_name, '` DROP PARTITION ', v_part_name, ";" ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END LOOP; CLOSE part_cursor; END$$ DELIMITER ;
下面是示例
-- 假設有個表叫records,設置分區條件為按end_time按月分區 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `records`; CREATE TABLE `records` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `start_time` datetime NOT NULL, `end_time` datetime NOT NULL, `memo` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`end_time`) ) PARTITION BY RANGE (TO_DAYS(end_time))( PARTITION p20200801 VALUES LESS THAN ( TO_DAYS('20200801')) ); DROP EVENT IF EXISTS `records_auto_partition`; -- 創建一個Event,每月執行一次,同時最多保存6個月的數據 DELIMITER $$ CREATE EVENT `records_auto_partition` ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 MONTH ON COMPLETION PRESERVE ENABLE DO BEGIN call auto_create_partition('records'); call auto_del_partition('records',6); END$$ DELIMITER ;
幾點注意事項:
對于Mysql 5.1以上版本來說,表分區的索引字段必須是主鍵
存儲過程中,DECLARE 必須緊跟著BEGIN,否則會報看不懂的錯誤
游標的DECLARE需要在定義聲明之后,否則會報錯
如果是自己安裝的Mysql,有可能Event功能是未開啟的,在創建Event時會提示錯誤;修改my.cnf,在 [mysqld] 下添加event_scheduler=1后重啟即可。
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