Web 日志mapreduce 預處理清洗

WEB訪問日志

即指用戶訪問網站時的所有訪問、瀏覽、點擊行為數據。比如點擊了哪一個鏈接，在哪個網頁停留時間最多，采用了哪個搜索項、總體瀏覽時間等。而所有這些信息都可被保存在網站日志中。通過分析這些數據，可以獲知許多對網站運營至關重要的信息。采集的數據越全面，分析就能越精準。

• 日志的生成渠道：
  1.是網站的web服務器所記錄的web訪問日志
  2.是通過在頁面嵌入自定義的js代碼來獲取用戶的所有訪問行為（比如鼠標懸停的位置，點擊的頁面組件等），然后通過ajax請求到后臺記錄日志；這種方式所能采集的信息最全面；
  3.通過在頁面上埋點1像素的圖片，將相關頁面訪問信息請求到后臺記錄日志；

• 日志數據內容詳述：
  在實際操作中，有以下幾個方面的數據可以被采集：
  1.訪客的系統屬性特征。比如所采用的操作系統、瀏覽器、域名和訪問速度等。
  2.訪問特征。包括停留時間、點擊的URL等。
  3.來源特征。包括網絡內容信息類型、內容分類和來訪URL等。

• 以網站點擊日志為例，其點擊日志格式如下：

  194.237.142.21 - - [18/Sep/2013:06:49:18 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2013/07/rstudio-git3.png HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible;)"
  183.49.46.228 - - [18/Sep/2013:06:49:23 +0000] "-" 400 0 "-" "-"
  163.177.71.12 - - [18/Sep/2013:06:49:33 +0000] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "DNSPod-Monitor/1.0"

• 用于生成點擊流的訪問日志表

至此開始正文，數據預處理

• 主要目的：

• 1. 過濾“不合規”數據
• 2.格式轉換和規整

• 3.根據后續的統計需求，過濾分離出各種不同主題(不同欄目path)的基礎數據

• 實現方式：

• 開發一個mr程序WeblogPreProcess

• 第一個 WebLogBean.java 程序，定義 日志格式

/**
 * 對接外部數據的層，表結構定義最好跟外部數據源保持一致
 * 術語：貼源表
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class WebLogBean implements Writable {

    private boolean valid = true;       // 判斷數據是否合法
    private String remote_addr;         // 記錄客戶端的ip地址
    private String remote_user;         // 記錄客戶端用戶名稱,忽略屬性"-"
    private String time_local;              // 記錄訪問時間與時區
    private String request;                 // 記錄請求的url與http協議
    private String status;                      // 記錄請求狀態；成功是200
    private String body_bytes_sent; // 記錄發送給客戶端文件主體內容大小
    private String http_referer;            // 用來記錄從那個頁面鏈接訪問過來的
    private String http_user_agent; // 記錄客戶瀏覽器的相關信息

    public void set(boolean valid,String remote_addr, String remote_user, String time_local, String request, String status, String body_bytes_sent, String http_referer, String http_user_agent) {
        this.valid = valid;
        this.remote_addr = remote_addr;
        this.remote_user = remote_user;
        this.time_local = time_local;
        this.request = request;
        this.status = status;
        this.body_bytes_sent = body_bytes_sent;
        this.http_referer = http_referer;
        this.http_user_agent = http_user_agent;
    }

    public String getRemote_addr() {
        return remote_addr;
    }

    public void setRemote_addr(String remote_addr) {
        this.remote_addr = remote_addr;
    }

    public String getRemote_user() {
        return remote_user;
    }

    public void setRemote_user(String remote_user) {
        this.remote_user = remote_user;
    }

    public String getTime_local() {
        return this.time_local;
    }

    public void setTime_local(String time_local) {
        this.time_local = time_local;
    }

    public String getRequest() {
        return request;
    }

    public void setRequest(String request) {
        this.request = request;
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public String getBody_bytes_sent() {
        return body_bytes_sent;
    }

    public void setBody_bytes_sent(String body_bytes_sent) {
        this.body_bytes_sent = body_bytes_sent;
    }

    public String getHttp_referer() {
        return http_referer;
    }

    public void setHttp_referer(String http_referer) {
        this.http_referer = http_referer;
    }

    public String getHttp_user_agent() {
        return http_user_agent;
    }

    public void setHttp_user_agent(String http_user_agent) {
        this.http_user_agent = http_user_agent;
    }

    public boolean isValid() {
        return valid;
    }

    public void setValid(boolean valid) {
        this.valid = valid;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(this.valid);
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getRemote_addr());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getRemote_user());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getTime_local());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getRequest());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getStatus());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getBody_bytes_sent());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getHttp_referer());
        sb.append("\001").append(this.getHttp_user_agent());
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
        this.valid = in.readBoolean();
        this.remote_addr = in.readUTF();
        this.remote_user = in.readUTF();
        this.time_local = in.readUTF();
        this.request = in.readUTF();
        this.status = in.readUTF();
        this.body_bytes_sent = in.readUTF();
        this.http_referer = in.readUTF();
        this.http_user_agent = in.readUTF();

    }

    @Override
    public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeBoolean(this.valid);
        out.writeUTF(null==remote_addr?"":remote_addr);
        out.writeUTF(null==remote_user?"":remote_user);
        out.writeUTF(null==time_local?"":time_local);
        out.writeUTF(null==request?"":request);
        out.writeUTF(null==status?"":status);
        out.writeUTF(null==body_bytes_sent?"":body_bytes_sent);
        out.writeUTF(null==http_referer?"":http_referer);
        out.writeUTF(null==http_user_agent?"":http_user_agent);

    }

}

• 第二個 WebLogParser.java程序，篩選 和 轉換 日期格式

public class WebLogParser {

    static SimpleDateFormat df1 = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss", Locale.US);
    static SimpleDateFormat df2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", Locale.US);

    public static WebLogBean parser(String line){
        WebLogBean WebLogBean = new WebLogBean();
        String[] arr = line.split(" ");
        if (arr.length > 11){
            WebLogBean.setRemote_addr(arr[0]);
            WebLogBean.setRemote_user(arr[1]);
            String time_local = formatDate(arr[3].substring(1));
            if(null==time_local) time_local="-invalid_time-";
            WebLogBean.setTime_local(time_local);
            WebLogBean.setRequest(arr[6]);
            WebLogBean.setStatus(arr[8]);
            WebLogBean.setBody_bytes_sent(arr[9]);
            WebLogBean.setHttp_referer(arr[10]);

            //如果useragent元素較多，拼接useragent
            if (arr.length > 12){
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                for (int i=11; i<arr.length;i++){
                    sb.append(arr[i]);
                }
                WebLogBean.setHttp_user_agent(sb.toString());
            } else {
                WebLogBean.setHttp_user_agent(arr[11]);
            }
            // 大于400，HTTP錯誤
            if (Integer.parseInt(WebLogBean.getStatus()) >= 400){
                WebLogBean.setValid(false);
            }

            if("-invalid_time-".equals(WebLogBean.getTime_local())){
                WebLogBean.setValid(false);
            }

        } else {
            WebLogBean.setValid(false);
        }
        return WebLogBean;
    }

    public static void filtStaticResource(WebLogBean bean,Set<String> pages) {
        if (!pages.contains(bean.getRequest())) {
            bean.setValid(false);
        } 
    }
    //更換日期的顯示格式
    public static String formatDate(String time_local){

        try {
            return df2.format(df1.parse(time_local));

        } catch (ParseException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

最后一個 WeblogPreProcess.java 主程序

/**
 * 處理原始日志，過濾出真實pv請求
 * 轉換時間格式
 * 對缺失字段填充默認值
 * 對記錄標記valid和invalid
 * 
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class WeblogPreProcess {

    static class WeblogPreProcessMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable>{
        //用來存儲網站url分類數據
        Set<String>pages=new HashSet<String>();
        Text k =new Text();
        NullWritable v = NullWritable.get();

        /**
         * 從外部加載網站url分類數據
         */
        @Override
        protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            pages.add("/about");
            pages.add("/black-ip-list/");
            pages.add("/cassandra-clustor/");
            pages.add("/finance-rhive-repurchase/");
            pages.add("/hadoop-family-roadmap/");
            pages.add("/hadoop-hive-intro/");
            pages.add("/hadoop-zookeeper-intro/");
            pages.add("/hadoop-mahout-roadmap/");
        }

        @Override
        protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

            String line = value.toString();
            WebLogBean WebLogBean = WebLogParser.parser(line);
            //過濾 js/圖片/css 等靜態資源
            WebLogParser.filtStaticResource(WebLogBean, pages);
            /**
             if (!WebLogBean.isValid()) 
                 return; 
            */
            k.set(WebLogBean.toString());
            context.write(k, v);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance();

        job.setJarByClass(WeblogPreProcess.class);

        job.setMapperClass(WeblogPreProcessMapper.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        //FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        //FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("E:/srcdata/webLog/input"));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("E:/srcdata/webLog/output"));

        boolean res = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(res?0:1);
    }
}

• 最后預清洗完的日志格式如下：

  true
  1.80.249.223
  -
  2013-09-18 07:57:33
  /hadoop-hive-intro/
  200
  14764
  "http://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=hive%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CC4QFjAB&url=%68%74%74%70%3a%2f%2f%62%6c%6f%67%2e%66%65%6e%73%2e%6d%65%2f%68%61%64%6f%6f%70%2d%68%69%76%65%2d%69%6e%74%72%6f%2f&ei=5lw5Uo-2NpGZiQfCwoG4BA&usg=AFQjCNF8EFxPuCMrm7CvqVgzcBUzrJZStQ&bvm=bv.52164340,d.aGc&cad=rjt"
  "Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT5.2;rv:23.0)Gecko/20100101Firefox/23.0"
  true
  101.226.167.201
  -
  2013-09-18 09:30:36
  /hadoop-mahout-roadmap/
  200
  10335
  "http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-mahout-roadmap/"
  "Mozilla/4.0(compatible;MSIE8.0;WindowsNT6.1;Trident/4.0;SLCC2;.NETCLR2.0.50727;.NETCLR3.5.30729;.NETCLR3.0.30729;MediaCenterPC6.0;MDDR;.NET4.0C;.NET4.0E;.NETCLR1.1.4322;TabletPC2.0);360Spider"
  true
  101.226.167.205
  -
  2013-09-18 09:30:32
  /hadoop-family-roadmap/
  200
  11715
  "http://blog.fens.me/hadoop-family-roadmap/"
  "Mozilla/4.0(compatible;MSIE8.0;WindowsNT6.1;Trident/4.0;SLCC2;.NETCLR2.0.50727;.NETCLR3.5.30729;.NETCLR3.0.30729;MediaCenterPC6.0;MDDR;.NET4.0C;.NET4.0E;.NETCLR1.1.4322;TabletPC2.0);360Spider"
  true
  101.226.169.215
  -
  2013-09-18 10:07:31
  /about
  301
  5
  "http://blog.fens.me/about"
  "Mozilla/4.0(compatible;MSIE8.0;WindowsNT6.1;Trident/4.0;SLCC2;.NETCLR2.0.50727;.NETCLR3.5.30729;.NETCLR3.0.30729;MediaCenterPC6.0;MDDR;.NET4.0C;.NET4.0E;.NETCLR1.1.4322;TabletPC2.0);360Spider"

  文章到這里就完成了，謝謝觀看。