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下文內容主要給大家帶來Mysql Galera 集群版的安裝部署方法，所講到的知識，與書籍不同，都是億速云專業技術人員在與用戶接觸過程中，總結出來的，具有一定的經驗分享價值，希望給廣大讀者帶來幫助。
Galera 是一個Mysql(Mariadb，Percona)同步多主集群軟件，本文主要講解Galera cluster安裝，MySQL Galera集群版的mysql是經過codeship打了wsrep補丁的，不是普通的mysql版本。安裝時采用輕量級pssh來進行批量安裝。
概況如下：
機器IP 結點名
192.168.1.42 Es-Search-A
192.168.1.43 Es-Search-B
192.168.1.44 Es-Search-C
OS版本：CentOS 7
mysql版本：mysql-5.6.43
Galera cluster安裝包：
galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64.rpm
Galera cluster下載url:
http://galeracluster.com/downloads/
注：這里我下載的都是打過wsrep補丁的mysql安裝包，不用獨立安裝mysql數據庫，直接安裝這些包之后數據庫就安裝好了。
一、準備工作
在每臺機器/下創建/data目錄，用于mysql數據文件目錄。
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ cat hosts.txt
192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo mkdir /data/"
[1] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:37:15 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
將mysql源碼文件復制到每臺機器
安裝依賴包
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ perl-devel bison bison-devel ncurses-devel cmake autoconf -y"
[1] 14:51:37 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:51:39 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:51:41 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
創建用戶：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo groupadd mysql"
[1] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[2] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 14:58:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin"
[1] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 14:58:16 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo mkdir /data/mysql/data -p"
[1] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 14:59:00 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt "sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data/"
[1] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 15:01:13 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
將安裝包復制到其他兩臺機器上：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 mysql-wsrep- /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 10:07:35 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:07:38 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[3] 10:07:38 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64.rpm /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 10:08:01 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:08:02 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:08:03 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
二、安裝
批量安裝：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 "sudo rpm -ivh mysql-wsrep-"
[1] 10:09:08 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 10:09:09 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:09:10 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -ivh galera*"
[1] 10:10:24 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[2] 10:10:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 10:10:28 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
檢查是否成功安裝：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -qa| grep mysql-wsrep"
192.168.1.42: mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[1] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43: mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[2] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44: mysql-wsrep-server-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-devel-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-client-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-shared-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-test-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
mysql-wsrep-5.6-5.6.43-25.25.el7.x86_64
[3] 15:28:04 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo rpm -qa| grep galera"
192.168.1.42: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[1] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
192.168.1.43: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[2] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
192.168.1.44: galera-3-25.3.26-2.el7.x86_64
[3] 10:11:25 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
安裝結束。
三、mysql配置文件
第一臺：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
#For advice on how to change settings please see
#http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
#cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
#changes to the binary log between backups.
#log_bin
#Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
#The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
#Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
#join_buffer_size = 128M
#sort_buffer_size = 2M
#read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#datadir=/usr/local/mysql
#socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
#symbolic-links=0
#log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log
#pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#basedir=/usr/share/mysql
tmpdir=/tmp ###臨時目錄
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
#Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
#If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
#customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
#instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
character-set-server=utf8 #字符集utf-8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
skip-name-resolve ##跳過主機名
user=mysql
port=3306 ##端口
binlog_rows_query_log_events=OFF ###這個選項應該關掉，否則會產生內部錯誤
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
max_allowed_packet = 500M
max_connections = 600
log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid
skip-grant-tables ##跳過授權表
binlog_format=ROW
log-bin=mysql-bin
#####################################################################################
character-set-server=utf8 #字符集utf-8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
binlog_rows_query_log_events=OFF ###這個選項應該關掉，否則會產生內部錯誤
wsrep_on=on
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
default_storage_engine=innodb
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-A
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.42'
wsrep_provider = /usr/lib64/galera-3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://"
wsrep_cluster_name='Galera_cluster'
wsrep_sst_method = rsync #xtrabackup
skip-grant-tables ##跳過授權表
wsrep_sst_auth=galera:galera
binlog_format=ROW
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=42
log-slave-updates=1
#######################################################################################
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/data/error.log
#pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
#include all files from the config directory
#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d/
配置文件各項配置意義：
wsrep_sst_method
：state_snapshot_transfer(SST)使用的傳輸方法，可用方法有mysqldump、rsync和xtrabackup，前兩者在傳輸時都需要對Donor加全局只讀鎖(
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK)，xtrabackup則不需要(它使用percona自己提供的backup
lock)。強烈建議采用xtrabackup
將配置文件復制到其他機器
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pscp.pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 /etc/my.cnf /home/elasticsearch/
[1] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 11:15:22 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ pssh -h hosts.txt -t 0 -P "sudo cp my.cnf /etc/"
[1] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.42
[2] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.43
[3] 11:15:59 [SUCCESS] 192.168.1.44
初始化第一臺mysql
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2019-06-27 15:10:11 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-06-27 15:10:11 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.43-log) starting as process 5321 ...
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ ll /data/mysql/data
total 241672
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 134219048 Jun 26 17:38 galera.cache
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 113 Jun 26 17:38 grastate.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jun 26 17:38 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 26 17:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jun 20 17:53 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 Jun 20 18:01 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Jun 20 17:53 mysql-bin.index
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 Jun 20 18:01 test
啟動第一臺mysql
sudo service mysql start --wsrep-new-cluster
或使用這種方式啟動也可以
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ sudo mysqld --wsrep-new-cluster --user=mysql &
[1] 16007
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ 2019-06-20 17:11:56 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-06-20 17:11:56 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.43-log) starting as process 16008 ...
在另一個終端
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-A ~]$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.43-log MySQL Community Server (GPL), wsrep_25.25
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看參數：
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_%';
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 73aa66b8-933b-11e9-9578-9a7df8c24dcc |
| wsrep_protocol_version | 9 |
| wsrep_last_committed | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_received | 2 |
| wsrep_received_bytes | 147 |
| wsrep_local_commits | 0 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.500000 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 18446744073709551615 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 0 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 0 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_open_transactions | 0 |
| wsrep_open_connections | 0 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.42:3306 |
| wsrep_cluster_weight | 1 |
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 3.204e-06/6.0466e-06/1.0783e-05/2.89701e-06/5 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 73a64b76-933b-11e9-99cc-337e6bf5a0f1 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 1 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | 73aa66b8-933b-11e9-9578-9a7df8c24dcc |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 |
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <info@codership.com> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 3.26(rff05089) |
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
60 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改密碼
mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('123') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
創建復制用戶
mysql> grant all on . to 'galera'@'%' identified by 'galera';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
第一個節點啟動成功，再配置啟動其他節點。
##第二個節點配置：
server-id=43
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-B
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.43'
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.42,192.168.1.44"
與節點1區別就這三個參數
啟動第二個節點：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-B ~]$ sudo service mysql start
Starting MySQL........................ SUCCESS!
##第三個節點配置：
server-id=44
wsrep_node_name = Es-Search-C
wsrep_node_address='192.168.1.44'
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.42,192.168.1.43"
啟動第三個節點：
[elasticsearch@Es-Search-C data]$ sudo service mysql start
Starting MySQL........................... SUCCESS!
查看集群啟動情況：
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS WHERE Variable_name IN('wsrep_ready','wsrep_cluster_size','wsrep_cluster_status','wsrep_connected');
+----------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+---------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+----------------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到cluster有3臺，嘗試在其中任一臺上創建一個數據庫，則在另外節點可以看到也創建了同樣的庫。
mysql> create database mydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
因為剛才第一臺機器用來創建集群，啟動時跳過了授權表，然后連接到庫中修改了密碼，創建了用戶，之后需要注釋掉跳過權限表的參數。
安裝配置完結。這里僅是使用rpm包安裝，basedir與datadir不能很靈活定義，還是比較習慣源碼安裝。之后會再探索直接在mysql上打補丁，然后組成Galera cluster。
對于以上關于Mysql Galera 集群版的安裝部署方法，如果大家還有更多需要了解的可以持續關注我們億速云的行業推新，如需獲取專業解答，可在官網聯系售前售后的，希望該文章可給大家帶來一定的知識更新。
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