Django 中怎么自定義用戶模塊

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1、概述

Django中自帶的User Model使用起來是比較方便的，但是通常我們的需求使用原生的User Model并不合適，或者少了一些必要的屬性，或者多了些不必要的屬性，這時就需要使用我們自己的User Model，自定義用戶模塊。
參考：Django官方文檔 “Customizing authentication in Django” 部分，文檔最后有完整的例子。
雖然自定義了用戶模塊，但是仍然可以使用Django原有的用戶認證機制。
主要包含三個步驟
1. 定義自己的用戶模塊，包含用戶類及用戶Manager 類繼承自Django中的AbstractBaseUser、BaseUserManager
2. 將自己定義的用戶模塊注冊到Django的admin，即將自己的模塊注冊到Django的后臺管理系統
3. 在settings.py中設置AUTH_USER_MODEL=“自定義用戶模塊類”

2、操作步驟

2.1 定義自己的用戶模塊

在自己的用戶認證app的model.py中定義兩個類，用戶類和用戶Manager類。
用戶類：名字自定義，該例中名字為SysUser，該類繼承自AbstractBaseUser，為了使用Django permission 框架，需再繼承 PermissionsMixin。該類主要定義了用戶的屬性。
用戶Manager類：名字自定義，該例中名字為SysUserManager，該類繼承BaseUserManager，主要重定義create_user、create_superuser這兩個函數。

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1. from django.db import models
   

2. from django.contrib.auth.models import (BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser)
   

3. # Create your models here.

4. 
   

5. 
   

6. class SysUserManager(BaseUserManager):
   

7.     def create_user(self, username, password=None):
   

8.         """
   

9.         Creates and saves a User with the username
   

10.         """

11. 
    

12.         user = self.model(
    

13.             username=username,
    

14.         )
    

15. 
    

16. 
    

17.         user.set_password(password)
    

18.         user.save(using=self._db)
    

19.         return user
    

20. 
    

21. 
    

22.     def create_superuser(self, username, password):
    

23.         """
    

24.         Creates and saves a superuser

25.         """
    

26.         user = self.create_user(username,password)
    

27. 
    

28. 
    

29.         user.is_admin = True
    

30.         user.save(using=self._db)
    

31.         return user

32. 
    

33. 
    

34. class SysUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    

35.     username = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True,)
    

36.     full_name = models.CharField(max_length=20,default="姓名")
    

37.     user_group = models.CharField(max_length=10,default="NULL")
    

38.     is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    

39.     is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    

40. 
    

41. 
    

42.     objects = SysUserManager()
    

43. 
    

44. 
    

45.     USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
    

46.     #REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['full_name']
    

47. 
    

48. 
    

49.     def __str__(self):
    

50.         return self.username
    

51. 
    

52. 
    

53.     def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
    

54.         "Does the user have a specific permission?"
    

55.         # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    

56.         return True
    

57. 
    

58. 
    

59.     def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
    

60.         "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?"
    

61.         # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
    

62.         return True
    

63. 
    

64. 
    

65.     @property
    

66.     def is_staff(self):
    

67.         "Is the user a member of staff?"
    

68.         # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
    

69.         return self.is_admin

2.2 注冊到Django Admin

在用戶認證app的admin.py中必須定義的兩個類，UserCreationForm和UserChangeForm，其他可以自定義的類參考Django官方文檔。

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1. from django.contrib import admin
   

2. from django import forms
   

3. from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
   

4. from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as BaseUserAdmin
   

5. from django.contrib.auth.forms import ReadOnlyPasswordHashField
   

6. from myauth.models import SysUser
   

7. 
   

8. # Register your models here.
   

9. 
   

10. 
    

11. class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    

12.     """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
    

13.        fields, plus a repeated password."""
    

14.     password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    

15.     password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    

16. 
    

17.     class Meta:
    

18.         model = SysUser
    

19.         fields = ('username', 'full_name', 'user_group','is_active','is_admin')
    

20. 
    

21.     def clean_password2(self):
    

22.         # Check that the two password entries match
    

23.         password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
    

24.         password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
    

25.         if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
    

26.             raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
    

27.         return password2
    

28. 
    

29.     def save(self, commit=True):
    

30.         # Save the provided password in hashed format
    

31.         user = super().save(commit=False)
    

32.         user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
    

33.         if commit:
    

34.             user.save()
    

35.         return user
    

36. 
    

37. 
    

38. class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm):
    

39.     """A form for updating users. Includes all the fields on
    

40.     the user, but replaces the password field with admin's
    

41.     password hash display field.
    

42.     """
    

43.     #password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField()
    

44. 
    

45.     class Meta:
    

46.         model = SysUser
    

47.         fields = ('username', 'password', 'full_name', 'user_group','is_active','is_admin')
    

48. 
    

49. 
    

50. class SysUserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
    

51.     # The forms to add and change user instances
    

52.     form = UserChangeForm
    

53.     add_form = UserCreationForm
    

54. 
    

55.     # The fields to be used in displaying the User model.
    

56.     # These override the definitions on the base UserAdmin
    

57.     # that reference specific fields on auth.User.
    

58.     list_display = ('username', 'full_name', 'user_group', 'is_active', 'is_admin')
    

59.     list_filter = ('is_admin',)
    

60.     fieldsets = (
    

61.         (None, {'fields': ('username','full_name','user_group','is_active')}),
    

62.         ('Permissions', {'fields': ( 'is_admin',)}),
    

63.     )
    

64.     # add_fieldsets is not a standard ModelAdmin attribute. UserAdmin
    

65.     # overrides get_fieldsets to use this attribute when creating a user.
    

66.     add_fieldsets = (
    

67.         (None, {
    

68.             'classes': ('wide',),
    

69.             'fields': ('username', 'password1', 'password2',)}
    

70.          ),
    

71.     )
    

72.     search_fields = ('username',)
    

73.     ordering = ('username',)
    

74.     filter_horizontal = ()
    

75. 
    

76.     # Now register the new UserAdmin...
    

77. 
    

78. 
    

79. admin.site.register(SysUser, SysUserAdmin)
    

80. # ... and, since we're not using Django's built-in permissions,
    

81. # unregister the Group model from admin.
    

82. admin.site.unregister(Group)

2.3 修改AUTH_USER_MODEL

修改項目settings.py 中AUTH_USER_MODEL='myauth.SysUser'

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1. AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'myauth.SysUser'

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