Mycat中間件如何實現Mysql數據分片

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架構圖：

機器規劃：

Mycat下載地址：http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.7.3/20190828135747/Mycat-server-1.6.7.3-release-20190828135747-linux.tar.gz
Mysql下載地址： http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.下載安裝Mysql（三臺Mysql都需要安裝）
[root@k8s01 soft]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@k8s01 soft]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@k8s01 soft]# cd /usr/local/
[root@k8s01 local]# mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.27
[root@k8s01 local]# chown -R root:root mysql-5.7.27/
[root@k8s01 local]# cd mysql-5.7.27/
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mkdir data
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# useradd -r -M -s /bin/nologin mysql
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chown -R mysql:mysql data/
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data
2019-11-02T04:24:41.908404Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-11-02T04:24:46.687678Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-11-02T04:24:47.428823Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-11-02T04:24:47.487404Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b42cef88-fd28-11e9-a5cc-000c29ee86d5.
2019-11-02T04:24:47.488204Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-11-02T04:24:47.612739Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3m;5yQ_7T#jc --登陸密碼
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
server_id=10
binlog_format=ROW
max_binlog_size=2G
sync_binlog=1
binlog_cache_size=64M
log_bin=bin-log
log_bin_index=bin-index
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.pid

[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/data/mariadb.log'.
... SUCCESS!
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/bin
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.27
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password('System135');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@k8s01 mysql-5.7.27]# mysql -u root -pSystem135
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to repl@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

2.下載安裝Mycat
[root@k8s01 soft]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u221-linux-x64.rpm
warning: jdk-8u221-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:jdk1.8-2000:1.8.0_221-fcs        ################################# [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
 tools.jar...
 plugin.jar...
 javaws.jar...
 deploy.jar...
 rt.jar...
 jsse.jar...
 charsets.jar...
 localedata.jar...
[root@k8s01 soft]# tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.3-release-20190828135747-linux.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@k8s01 soft]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf/
[root@k8s01 conf]# 

3.數據按范圍分片
[root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml

[root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml       --其它不要動，只修改以下內容

[root@k8s01 conf]# vim autopartition-long.txt
# range start-end ,data node index
# K=1000,M=10000.          --K表示1千，M表示1萬
0-5=0              --從0到5放到第一個節點
5-10=1            --從6到10放到第二個節點
10-15=2         --從11到15放到第三個節點        
[root@k8s01 conf]# vim server.xml      --Mycat登陸用戶名和密碼

[root@k8s01 conf]# ../bin/mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 8066
tcp6       0      0 :::8066                 :::*                    LISTEN      46762/java         
[root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 9066
tcp6       0      0 :::9066                 :::*                    LISTEN      46762/java                      
[root@k8s01 conf]#

4.驗證數據分片后存放
[root@k8s01 conf]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/bin/mysql -u root -pSystem135 -P8066 -h 127.0.0.1    --登陸Mycat數據數據

查詢寫入后的數據：

k8s01節點驗證數據：

k8s02節點驗證數據：

k8s03節點驗證數據：

5.數據按日期（月份）分片
[root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml

[root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml

[root@k8s01 conf]# ../bin/mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
[root@k8s01 conf]# !net
netstat -antulp | grep 9066
tcp6       0      0 :::9066                 :::*                    LISTEN      69040/java          
[root@k8s01 conf]# netstat -antulp | grep 8066
tcp6       0      0 :::8066                 :::*                    LISTEN      69040/java         
[root@k8s01 conf]#
6.驗證數據分片后存放

驗證數據：

k8s01節點：

k8s02節點：

k8s03節點：

錯誤處理：
mysql> insert into t_wuhan(create_time,name,age) values("2015-04-01","huanggang",16);
ERROR 1064 (HY000): Can't find a valid data node for specified node index :T_WUHAN -> CREATE_TIME -> 2015-04-01 -> Index : 3
解決方法：
    寫入4月份數據時會提示找不到節點，是因為有幾個節點就會寫入幾月份數據，比如我只有3個node節點，只能寫入1-3月份數據。
7.數據按枚舉分片
[root@k8s01 conf]# vim schema.xml[root@k8s01 conf]# vim rule.xml

[root@k8s01 conf]# cat partition-hash-int.txt      --可以寫多個枚舉
學生=0
老師=1
DEFAULT_NODE=2
[root@k8s01 conf]#
8.驗證數據分片后存放

驗證數據：
k8s01節點：

k8s02節點：

k8s03節點：

錯誤處理：
mysql> insert into t_wuhan(id,name,age) values(1,"tong","學生");
ERROR 1064 (HY000): columnValue:學生 Please check if the format satisfied.
mysql> insert into t_wuhan(id,name,age) values(1,"tong",'學生');
ERROR 1064 (HY000): columnValue:學生 Please check if the format satisfied.
mysql>

解決方法：

type：type值默認為0，表示數值是整型。值為1，表示是字符串。
defaultNode：值對應partition-hash-int.txt文件中的DEFAULT_NODE的值。

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