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一、MMM 架構
MMM(Master-Master replication manger for MySQL)是一套支持雙主故障切換和雙主日常管理的腳本程序，MMM使用Perl語言開發，
主要用來監控和管理MySQL Master-Master(雙主)復制，雖然叫做雙主復制，但業務上同一時刻只允許一個主進行寫入，另一臺備選主上提供部
分讀服務，以加速在主主切換時刻備選主的預熱，可以說MMM這套腳本程序一方面實現了故障切換功能，另一方面其內部附加的工具腳本也可以
實現多個slaves負載均衡。
MMM提供了自動和手動兩種方式移除一組服務器中復制延時較高的服務器服務器的虛擬IP，同時它還可以備份數據、實現兩節點之間的數據
同步等。
由于MMM無法完全地保證數據一致性，所以MMM適用于對數據的一致性要求不是很高，但又想最大程度的保證業務可用性的場景。
例：三臺主機
角色 IP地址 主機名字 server id
--------------------------------------------------------------
monitor host 192.168.110.130 db3
--------------------------------------------------------------
master 1 192.168.110.128 db1 1 writer(192.168.110.132)
--------------------------------------------------------------
master 2 192.168.110.130 db2 2 reader(192.168.110.133)
--------------------------------------------------------------
slave 1 192.168.110.131 db3 3 reader(192.168.110.134)
--------------------------------------------------------------
1、主機配置
[root@www ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.110.128 db1.pancou.com db1
192.168.110.130 db2.pancou.com db2
192.168.110.131 db3.pancou.com db3
2、mysql的安裝和配置
db1:
server-id = 1
log-slave-updates=true
#gtid-mode=on
#enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-threads=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
report-host=www.pancou.com
db2:
server-id = 2
log-slave-updates=true
#gtid-mode=on
#enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-threads=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
report-host=www.pancou.com
db3:
server-id = 3
log-slave-updates=true
#gtid-mode=on
#enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-threads=2
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
report-port=3306
report-host=www.pancou.com
3、主從復制，和雙主復制看前面復制章節
4、安裝mysql-mmm
1. 安裝監控程序
在管理服務器和數據庫服務器上分別要運行mysql-mmm monitor和agent程序。下面分別安裝：
前提要安裝
#rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
在管理服務器（192.168.110.130）上，執行下面命令：
# yum -y install mysql-mmm-monitor*
與monitor依賴的所有文件也會隨之安裝，但是有一個例外perl-Time-HiRes，所以還需要執行下面的命令：
[plain] view plain copy print?
# yum -y install perl-Time-HiRes*
2. 安裝代理程序
# yum -y install mysql-mmm-agent*
在192.168.110.128和192.168.110.131 上分別安裝：
# yum -y install mysql-mmm-agent*
5、配置MMM
1.配置agent文件，需要在db1,db2,db3分別配置
完成安裝后，所有的配置文件都放到了/etc/mysql-mmm/下面。管理服務器和數據庫服務器上都要包含一個共同
的文件mmm_common.conf，
在db1上配置：
active_master_role writer
<host default>
cluster_interface eth0
pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user repl_user
replication_password pancou
agent_user mmm-agent
agent_password mmm-agent
</host>
<host db1>
ip 192.168.110.128
mode master
peer db2
</host>
<host db2>
ip 192.168.110.130
mode master
peer db1
</host>
<host db3>
ip 192.168.110.131
mode slave
</host>
<role writer>
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.110.132
mode exclusive
</role>
<role reader>
hosts db2, db3
ips 192.168.110.133, 192.168.110.134
mode balanced
</role>
可以在db1上編輯該文件后，通過scp命令分別復制到monitor、db2、db3和db4上。
復制到db2上：
scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_com.conf db2:/etc/mysql-mmm/
復制到db3上：
scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_com.conf db3:/etc/mysql-mmm/
2. 編輯mmm_agent.conf。在數據庫服務器上，還有一個mmm_agent.conf需要修改
db1:
# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db1
db2:
# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db2
db3:
# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf
include mmm_common.conf
# The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires
# that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the
# proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.
this db3
3. 編輯mmm_mon.confg。在管理服務器上，修改mmm_mon.conf文件
在db2上
# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.110.128,192.168.110.130,192.168.110.131
auto_set_online 60
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
</monitor>
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor
monitor_password mmm_monitor
</host>
6、創建監控
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.110.%' identified by 'mmm_monitor';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super,replication client,process on *.* to 'mmm-agent'@'192.168.110.%' identified by 'mmm-agent';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.110.%' identified by 'pancou';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush priviliges;
7、啟動MMM
1. 在數據庫服務器上啟動代理程序
# service mysql-mmm-agent start
Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [ OK ]
2. 在管理服務器上啟動監控程序
# service mysql-mmm-monitor start
Starting MMM Monitor Daemon: [ OK ]
8、在monitor上檢查集群主機的狀態
[root@www ~]# mmm_control checks all
db2 ping [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK
db2 mysql [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK
db2 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] ERROR: Replication is broken
db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK: Backlog is null
db3 ping [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK
db3 mysql [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:57] OK
db3 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:54] OK
db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:54] OK: Backlog is null
db1 ping [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK
db1 mysql [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK
db1 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:25] ERROR: Replication is broken
db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52] OK: Backlog is null
復制問題解決以后：
[root@www ~]# mmm_control checks all
db2 ping [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db2 mysql [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db2 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK: Backlog is null
db3 ping [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db3 mysql [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db3 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK: Backlog is null
db1 ping [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db1 mysql [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db1 rep_threads [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK
db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20] OK: Backlog is null
[root@www ~]# mmm_control show
# Warning: agent on host db1 is not reachable
# Warning: agent on host db3 is not reachable
db1(192.168.110.128) master/REPLICATION_FAIL. Roles:
db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.128), reader(192.168.110.130), writer(192.168.110.132)
db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles:
復制問題解決以后：
[root@www ~]# mmm_control show
# Warning: agent on host db1 is not reachable
# Warning: agent on host db2 is not reachable
db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles:
iptales -F
[root@www ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133), writer(192.168.110.132)
db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.134)
9、MMM高可用環境測試
在db2上：
[root@www ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@www ~]# iptables -F
在monitor上：
[root@www ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.110.132)
db2(192.168.110.130) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles:
db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133), reader(192.168.110.134)
[root@www ~]# tail -f /var/log/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.log
2016/07/05 07:38:33 FATAL Agent on host 'db2' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:38:41 FATAL Can't reach agent on host 'db2'
2016/07/05 07:38:45 FATAL Agent on host 'db2' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:45:43 FATAL Agent on host 'db1' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:48:48 FATAL Can't reach agent on host 'db3'
2016/07/05 07:49:03 FATAL Can't reach agent on host 'db2'
2016/07/05 07:49:12 FATAL Can't reach agent on host 'db1'
2016/07/05 07:49:18 FATAL Agent on host 'db1' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:49:34 FATAL Agent on host 'db2' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:49:46 FATAL Agent on host 'db3' is reachable again
2016/07/05 07:56:00 FATAL State of host 'db2' changed from ONLINE to HARD_OFFLINE (ping: OK, mysql: not OK)
此時，db2,的狀態由ONLINE 變為 HARD_OFFLINE，把db2的讀角色轉移到db3,寫角色轉移到db1.
[root@www ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
2016/07/05 08:00:29 FATAL State of host 'db2' changed from HARD_OFFLINE to AWAITING_RECOVERY
2016/07/05 08:01:29 FATAL State of host 'db2' changed from AWAITING_RECOVERY to ONLINE because of auto_set_online(60 seconds). It was in state AWAITING_RECOVERY for 60 seconds
查看集群狀態：
[root@www ~]# mmm_control show
db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.110.132)
db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133)
db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.134)
[root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h292.168.110.132
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9108
Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
[root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h292.168.110.133
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 184
Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
[root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h292.168.110.134
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9446
Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
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