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大家好,由于公司忙著趕項目,導致有段時間沒有發布新文章了。今天我想跟大家談談Cookie的使用。同樣,這個Cookie的使用方法是我從公司的項目中抽出來的,為了能讓大家看懂,我會盡量寫詳細點。廢話少說,我們直接進入正題。
一、安裝Cookie
在Vue2.0下,這個貌似已經不需要安裝了。因為當你創建一個項目的時候,npm install 已經為我們安裝好了。我的安裝方式如下:
# 全局安裝 vue-cli $ npm install --global vue-cli # 創建一個基于 webpack 模板的新項目 $ vue init webpack my-project # 安裝依賴,走你 $ cd my-project $ npm install
這是我創建好的目錄結構,大家可以看一下:
項目結構
二、封裝Cookie方法
在util文件夾下,我們創建util.js文件,然后上代碼
//獲取cookie、 export function getCookie(name) { var arr, reg = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"); if (arr = document.cookie.match(reg)) return (arr[2]); else return null; } //設置cookie,增加到vue實例方便全局調用 export function setCookie (c_name, value, expiredays) { var exdate = new Date(); exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate() + expiredays); document.cookie = c_name + "=" + escape(value) + ((expiredays == null) ? "" : ";expires=" + exdate.toGMTString()); }; //刪除cookie export function delCookie (name) { var exp = new Date(); exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1); var cval = getCookie(name); if (cval != null) document.cookie = name + "=" + cval + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString(); };
三、在HTTP中把Cookie傳到后臺
關于這點,我需要說明一下,我們這里使用的是axios進行HTTP傳輸數據,為了更好的使用axios,我們在util文件夾下創建http.js文件,然后封裝GET,POST等方法,代碼如下:
import axios from 'axios' //引用axios import {getCookie} from './util' //引用剛才我們創建的util.js文件,并使用getCookie方法 // axios 配置 axios.defaults.timeout = 5000; axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost/pjm-shield-api/public/v1/'; //這是調用數據接口 // http request 攔截器,通過這個,我們就可以把Cookie傳到后臺 axios.interceptors.request.use( config => { const token = getCookie('session'); //獲取Cookie config.data = JSON.stringify(config.data); config.headers = { 'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' //設置跨域頭部 }; if (token) { config.params = {'token': token} //后臺接收的參數,后面我們將說明后臺如何接收 } return config; }, err => { return Promise.reject(err); } ); // http response 攔截器 axios.interceptors.response.use( response => { //response.data.errCode是我接口返回的值,如果值為2,說明Cookie丟失,然后跳轉到登錄頁,這里根據大家自己的情況來設定 if(response.data.errCode == 2) { router.push({ path: '/login', query: {redirect: router.currentRoute.fullPath} //從哪個頁面跳轉 }) } return response; }, error => { return Promise.reject(error.response.data) }); export default axios; /** * fetch 請求方法 * @param url * @param params * @returns {Promise} */ export function fetch(url, params = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { axios.get(url, { params: params }) .then(response => { resolve(response.data); }) .catch(err => { reject(err) }) }) } /** * post 請求方法 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */ export function post(url, data = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { axios.post(url, data) .then(response => { resolve(response.data); }, err => { reject(err); }) }) } /** * patch 方法封裝 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */ export function patch(url, data = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { axios.patch(url, data) .then(response => { resolve(response.data); }, err => { reject(err); }) }) } /** * put 方法封裝 * @param url * @param data * @returns {Promise} */ export function put(url, data = {}) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { axios.put(url, data) .then(response => { resolve(response.data); }, err => { reject(err); }) }) }
四、在登錄組件使用Cookie
由于登錄組件我用的是Element-ui布局,對應不熟悉Element-ui的朋友們,可以去惡補一下。后面我們將講解如何使用它進行布局。登錄組件的代碼如下:
<template> <el-form ref="AccountFrom" :model="account" :rules="rules" label-position="left" label-width="0px" class="demo-ruleForm login-container"> <h4 class="title">后臺管理系統</h4> <el-form-item prop="u_telephone"> <el-input type="text" v-model="account.u_telephone" auto-complete="off" placeholder="請輸入賬號"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item prod="u_password"> <el-input type="password" v-model="account.u_password" auto-complete="off" placeholder="請輸入密碼"></el-input> </el-form-item> <el-form-item > <el-button type="primary" @click="handleLogin" :loading="logining">登錄</el-button> </el-form-item> </el-form> </template> <script> export default { data() { return { logining: false, account: { u_telephone:'', u_password:'' }, //表單驗證規則 rules: { u_telephone: [ {required: true, message:'請輸入賬號',trigger: 'blur'} ], u_password: [ {required: true,message:'請輸入密碼',trigger: 'blur'} ] } } }, mounted() { //初始化 }, methods: { handleLogin() { this.$refs.AccountFrom.validate((valid) => { if(valid) { this.logining = true; //其中 'm/login' 為調用的接口,this.account為參數 this.$post('m/login',this.account).then(res => { this.logining = false; if(res.errCode !== 200) { this.$message({ message: res.errMsg, type:'error' }); } else { let expireDays = 1000 * 60 * 60 ; this.setCookie('session',res.errData.token,expireDays); //設置Session this.setCookie('u_uuid',res.errData.u_uuid,expireDays); //設置用戶編號 if(this.$route.query.redirect) { this.$router.push(this.$route.query.redirect); } else { this.$router.push('/home'); //跳轉用戶中心頁 } } }); } else { console.log('error submit'); return false; } }); } } } </script>
五、在路由中驗證token存不存在,不存在的話會到登錄頁
在 router--index.js中設置路由,代碼如下:
import Vue from 'vue' import Router from 'vue-router' import {post,fetch,patch,put} from '@/util/http' import {delCookie,getCookie} from '@/util/util' import Index from '@/views/index/Index' //首頁 import Home from '@/views/index/Home' //主頁 import right from '@/components/UserRight' //右側 import userlist from '@/views/user/UserList' //用戶列表 import usercert from '@/views/user/Certification' //用戶審核 import userlook from '@/views/user/UserLook' //用戶查看 import usercertlook from '@/views/user/UserCertLook' //用戶審核查看 import sellbill from '@/views/ticket/SellBill' import buybill from '@/views/ticket/BuyBill' import changebill from '@/views/ticket/ChangeBill' import billlist from '@/views/bill/list' import billinfo from '@/views/bill/info' import addbill from '@/views/bill/add' import editsellbill from '@/views/ticket/EditSellBill' import ticketstatus from '@/views/ticket/TicketStatus' import addticket from '@/views/ticket/AddTicket' import userinfo from '@/views/user/UserInfo' //個人信息 import editpwd from '@/views/user/EditPwd' //修改密碼 Vue.use(Router); const routes = [ { path: '/', name:'登錄', component:Index }, { path: '/', name: 'home', component: Home, redirect: '/home', leaf: true, //只有一個節點 menuShow: true, iconCls: 'iconfont icon-home', //圖標樣式 children: [ {path:'/home', component: right, name: '首頁', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }} ] }, { path: '/', component: Home, name: '用戶管理', menuShow: true, iconCls: 'iconfont icon-users', children: [ {path: '/userlist', component: userlist, name: '用戶列表', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/usercert', component: usercert, name: '用戶認證審核', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/userlook', component: userlook, name: '查看用戶信息', menuShow: false,meta:{requireAuth: true}}, {path: '/usercertlook', component: usercertlook, name: '用戶審核信息', menuShow: false,meta:{requireAuth: true}}, ] }, { path: '/', component: Home, name: '信息管理', menuShow: true, iconCls: 'iconfont icon-books', children: [ {path: '/sellbill', component: sellbill, name: '賣票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/buybill', component: buybill, name: '買票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/changebill', component: changebill, name: '換票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/bill/editsellbill', component: editsellbill, name: '編輯賣票信息', menuShow: false, meta:{requireAuth: true}} ] }, { path: '/bill', component: Home, name: '票據管理', menuShow: true, iconCls: 'iconfont icon-books', children: [ {path: '/bill/list', component: billlist, name: '已開票據列表', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/bill/info', component: billinfo, name: '票據詳細頁', menuShow: false, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/bill/add', component: addbill, name: '新建開票信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }} ] }, { path: '/', component: Home, name: '系統設置', menuShow: true, iconCls: 'iconfont icon-setting1', children: [ {path: '/userinfo', component: userinfo, name: '個人信息', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }}, {path: '/editpwd', component: editpwd, name: '修改密碼', menuShow: true, meta:{requireAuth: true }} ] } ]; const router = new Router({ routes });
備注:請注意路由中的 meta:{requireAuth: true },這個配置,主要為下面的驗證做服務。
if(to.meta.requireAuth),這段代碼意思就是說,如果requireAuth: true ,那就判斷用戶是否存在。
如果存在,就繼續執行下面的操作,如果不存在,就刪除客戶端的Cookie,同時頁面跳轉到登錄頁,代碼如下。
//這個是請求頁面路由的時候會驗證token存不存在,不存在的話會到登錄頁 router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => { if(to.meta.requireAuth) { fetch('m/is/login').then(res => { if(res.errCode == 200) { next(); } else { if(getCookie('session')) { delCookie('session'); } if(getCookie('u_uuid')) { delCookie('u_uuid'); } next({ path: '/' }); } }); } else { next(); } }); export default router;
以上就是Cookie在項目中的使用,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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