Maven項目中自定義Maven Archetype

在Maven項目中，自定義Maven Archetype可以讓你快速生成項目結構。以下是創建自定義Maven Archetype的步驟：

1. 創建一個Maven項目，用于存放Archetype的模板文件。這個項目的pom.xml文件需要包含以下內容：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>custom-archetype</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>maven-archetype</packaging>

    <properties>
        <archetypeArtifactId>custom-archetype</archetypeArtifactId>
        <archetypeVersion>1.0-SNAPSHOT</archetypeVersion>
        <maven-archetype-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-archetype-plugin.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-archetype-plugin.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>attach-archetypes</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <archetypes>
                                <archetype>${archetypeArtifactId}:${archetypeVersion}</archetype>
                            </archetypes>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. 在src/main/resources/archetype-metadata.xml文件中定義Archetype的元數據。這個文件描述了Archetype的結構和配置選項。例如：

<archetypeMetadata xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-metadata/1.1.0"
                  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-metadata/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-metadata-1.1.0.xsd">
    <archetypeArtifactId>custom-archetype</archetypeArtifactId>
    <archetypeVersion>1.0-SNAPSHOT</archetypeVersion>
    <description>A custom Maven archetype</description>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.java</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/test/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.java</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</archetypeMetadata>

3. 在src/main/resources目錄下創建Archetype的模板文件。例如，你可以創建一個簡單的Java類模板：

package ${package};

public class ${artifactId} {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, ${artifactId}!");
    }
}

4. 安裝Archetype到本地Maven倉庫：

mvn clean install

5. 現在你可以使用自定義的Archetype創建新的Maven項目：

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.example -DartifactId=my-project -DarchetypeArtifactId=custom-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.0-SNAPSHOT

這將會根據你的自定義Archetype生成一個新的Maven項目。