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Cacti 多用于圖形監測系統性能 負載等
Nagios 多用于報警
Cacti: 是一套基于PHP,MySQL,SNMP及RRDTool開發的網絡流量監測圖形分析工具.
Nagios:是一款開源的免費網絡監視工具,能有效監控Windows、Linux和Unix的主機狀態,在系統或服務狀態異常時發出郵件或短信報警第一時間通知網站運維人員,在狀態恢復后發出正常的郵件或短信通知.
Npc: 是一個cacti的插件.用于講 Cacti和Nagios整合.
注意如下幾點
1.Cacti 需要 LNMP 或者 LAMP 作為平臺
2.Nagios 需要web服務器支持cgi
3.Cacti 是通過 net-snmp 來采集數據的. 客戶機需要安裝net-snmp
4.本文不過多的介紹配置文件和軟件使用方法 只標注管簡單 多去學習才能更好的掌握各種知識
本文以 Centos 5.4 作為平臺來搭建
LNMP 環境如下
mysql 5.5.27
php 5.4.6
nginx1.2.3
Lnmp 安裝方法:
http://wangshuai1987.blog.51cto.com/3080273/1294909
讓nginx支持cgi 的方法
http://wangshuai1987.blog.51cto.com/3080273/1341415
##############################################################################
注意,此處只標記. 不要使用該部分命令. 是為了整理看著清爽.具體安裝步驟,著重參考安裝正文
Cacti版本:cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
Nagios版本:nagios-3.4.1.tar.gz
nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
需要安裝的軟件包
Nagios:
yum install -y gd gd-devel xinetd libart_lgpl
Cacti:
yum -y install libart_lgpl-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel fonts-chinese cairo-devel pango-devel
先來幾張圖,把關鍵位置標注出來. 從正文開始 大篇幅安裝步驟 不單獨出圖
下面的幾個圖 只是關鍵點
New Graphs:新建圖形
Graph Management:圖形管理
Data Sources:數據源
Devices:添加主機活設備在這
Plugin Management:插件管理
System Utilities: 如果不出圖 點這個菜單 把 view xxxx cache 都點一次 清理下緩存
幾個設置的時候要注意的地方
cacti 優化參考
所有參數 不可全抄 要根據實際情況修改
##################################################
################# 安裝正文 #####################
##################################################
# 安裝cacti需要的包
yum install -y gd gd-devel xinetd libart_lgpl
# 建立nagios用戶 用于維護nagios
/usr/sbin/useradd nagios
#passwd nagios
# 建立nagioscmd組 用于執行cgi程序 和其他nagios程序
/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
# 將nagios用戶加到nagcmd組
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
# 將web用戶加到nagcmd組
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd web
# 將www用戶加到nagcmd組
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd www
# 將nagios用戶加到www組
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G www nagios
# 下載需要的軟件包
# 官方下載頁面 軟件 和 插件
# http://www.nagios.org/download/core/thanks/
# http://www.nagios.org/download/plugins/
# 下載軟件和插件包
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nagios-3.4.1.tar.gz
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
# 解壓
tar zxf nagios-3.4.1.tar.gz
tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
# 開始進行便已安裝
cd nagios
./configure --prefix=/soft/nagios-3.4.1 --with-command-group=nagcmd
make all && make install && make install-init && make install-config && make install-commandmode
cd ../
/usr/bin/install -c -m 775 -o nagios -g nagcmd -d /soft/nagios-3.4.1/var/rw
chmod g+s /soft/nagios-3.4.1/var/rw
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
./configure --prefix=/soft/nagios-3.4.1 --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
make && make install
cd ../
###########
如果報錯:
make: *** No rule to make target `/usr/lib64/perl5/CORE/config.h', needed by `Makefile'. Stop.
yum install -y perl-devel.x86_64
# nagios 是由perl編寫的.所以 需要如下perl模塊
# 提供兩種安裝方式. 推薦手動安裝
A)通過CPAN 來安裝
#perl -MCPAN -e shell
cpan> install Net::SNMP
###########
B) 手工安裝
# 首先去官方網站 http://www.cpan.org 下載以下幾個模塊
Crypt::DES
Digest::MD5
Digest::SHA1
Digest::HMAC
Net::SNMP
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DP/DPARIS/Crypt-DES-2.05.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GA/GAAS/Digest-MD5-2.52.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GA/GAAS/Digest-SHA1-2.13.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GA/GAAS/Digest-HMAC-1.03.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DT/DTOWN/Net-SNMP-v6.0.1.tar.gz
tar zxf Crypt-DES-2.05.tar.gz
tar zxf Digest-MD5-2.52.tar.gz
tar zxf Digest-SHA1-2.13.tar.gz
tar zxf Digest-HMAC-1.03.tar.gz
tar zxf Net-SNMP-v6.0.1.tar.gz
cd Crypt-DES-2.05
perl Makefile.PL
make install
cd ../
cd Digest-MD5-2.52
perl Makefile.PL
make install
cd ../
cd Digest-SHA1-2.13
perl Makefile.PL
make install
cd ../
cd Digest-HMAC-1.03
perl Makefile.PL
make install
cd ../
cd Net-SNMP-v6.0.1
perl Makefile.PL
make install
cd ../
# 插件位置
/soft/nagios-3.4.1/libexec
--------------------------------------
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/cgi.cfg
#找到這幾行，后面添加 erbin用戶，可以自己定義用戶,使用“,”隔開
#authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,test
#authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,test
use_authentication=0
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/cgi.cfg
url_html_path=/nagios
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/nagios.cfg
cfg_dir=/soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/servers
cfg_file=/soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/objects/hostgroups.cfg
mkdir -p /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/servers
cd /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/servers
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/objects/hostgroups.cfg
define hostgroup {
hostgroup_name sa-servers
alias sa servers
members localhost,192.168.2.215 #用逗號間隔多個主機
}
修改nagiosadmin 這行其中的郵件地址為你的email 地址，以將報警郵件發到你的郵箱
設置登陸web 界面時HTTP 驗證的賬號密碼
http://www.4webhelp.net/us/password.php
test:44ofpQvlFOgvs
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/nagiospasswd
---------------------------------------
# 檢測配置文件是否有錯
/soft/nagios-3.4.1/bin/nagios -v /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/nagios.cfg
# 開啟 nagios
/soft/nagios-3.4.1/bin/nagios -d /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/nagios.cfg
mkdir -p /wwwroot/web/
cp -r /soft/nagios-3.4.1/share/ /wwwroot/web/nagios
########## nginx 配置文件關鍵部位代碼
server_name 192.168.2.215;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /wwwroot/web;
auth_basic "Nagios Access";
auth_basic_user_file /soft/nagios-3.2.1/etc/nagiospasswd;
location ~ .*\.(cgi|pl|perl)?$
{
gzip off;
root /soft/nagios-3.2.1/sbin;
rewrite ^/nagios/cgi-bin/(.*)\.cgi /$1.cgi break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8999;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /soft/nagios-3.2.1/sbin$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_index index.cgi;
fastcgi_read_timeout 60;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user;
include fcgi.conf;
auth_basic "Nagios Access";
auth_basic_user_file /soft/nagios-3.2.1/etc/nagiospasswd;
}
########################### 開始安裝cacti
cacti
yum -y install libart_lgpl-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel fonts-chinese cairo-devel pango-devel
wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.4.3.tar.gz
tar zxf rrdtool-1.4.3.tar.gz
cd rrdtool-1.4.3
# 讓rrdtool 支持中文
sed -i 's/setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C")/setlocale(LC_ALL, "zh_CN.UTF-8")/g' src/rrd_graph.c
sed -i 's/setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, old_locale)/setlocale(LC_ALL, old_locale)/g' src/rrd_graph.c
./configure --prefix=/soft/rrdtool-1.4.3
make && make install
cd ../
# 將 /soft/rrdtool-1.4.3/lib 加入到 /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
tar zxf cacti-0.8.8a.tar.gz
cp -r cacti-0.8.8a /wwwroot/web/cacti
cd /wwwroot/web/cacti
mysql -uroot -p
mysql>drop database cacti;
mysql>create database cacti;
mysql>use cacti;
mysql>source cacti.sql;
mysql>grant all privileges on cacti.* to cacti@localhost identified by "cacti";
mysql>grant all privileges on cacti.* to cactiuser@localhost identified by "cactiuser";
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>exit
# 修改數據庫信息
vi include/config.php
# 修改php配置文件,修改時區
vi /soft/php-5.4.6/etc/php.ini
safe_mode = Off
date.timezone = "PRC"
# 保存退出 并重啟
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-snmp/files/net-snmp/5.6.1.1/net-snmp-5.6.1.1.tar.gz/download
tar zxf net-snmp-5.6.1.1.tar.gz
cd net-snmp-5.6.1.1
# 編譯第一步 版本是2
./configure --prefix=/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1 --enable-developer
make && make install
echo /soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
cd ../
crontab -e
# 沒分鐘采集一次數據 使用root采集. 一個比較操蛋的問題. 就是東西太多 多環境生成會出問題 權限設置又很麻煩 不如這么來最實惠了.
*/1 * * * * root /soft/php-5.4.6/bin/php /wwwroot/web/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1 && /bin/chown www:www * /wwwroot/web/cacti/rra/*
# 使用二進制文件來進行數據采集 效率較高
wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/spine/cacti-spine-0.8.8a.tar.gz
tar zxf cacti-spine-0.8.8a.tar.gz
cd cacti-spine-0.8.8a
./configure --prefix=/soft/cacti-spine-0.8.8a --with-mysql=/soft/mysql-5.5.27/ --with-snmp=/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/
make && make install
cd /soft/cacti-spine-0.8.8a/etc/
mv spine.conf.dist spine.conf
vi /soft/cacti-spine-0.8.8a/etc/spine.conf
# 安裝完成 之后
http://ip/cacti/install
/soft/rrdtool-1.4.3/bin/rrdtool
/soft/php-5.4.6/bin/php
/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/binsnmpwalk
/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/binsnmpget
/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/bin/snmpbulkwalk
/soft/net-snmp-5.6.1.1/bin/snmpgetnext
/soft/cacti-spine-0.8.8a/bin/spine
用戶名 密碼 均為admin
# 如果繪圖出現亂碼 上傳一個中文字體即可
cp simsun.ttc /usr/share/fonts
fc-cache -f -v
# 整合cacit和nagios
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/ndoutils-1.x/ndoutils-1.5.2/ndoutils-1.5.2.tar.gz/download
tar zxf ndoutils-1.5.2.tar.gz
cd ndoutils-1.5.2
ldconfig
./configure --prefix=/soft/ndoutils-1.5.2 --with-mysql=/soft/mysql-5.5.27/ --with-ndo2db-user=nagios --with-ndo2db-group=nagios
# include/config.h 修改261 262行
#include </soft/mysql-5.5.27/include/mysql.h>
#include </soft/mysql-5.5.27/include/errmsg.h>
make
make install
需要安裝dbi 和 dbd
-----------------------------------------
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/M/MS/MSCHWERN/Test-Simple-0.98.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TI/TIMB/DBI-1.622.tar.gz
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/C/CA/CAPTTOFU/DBD-mysql-4.022.tar.gz
tar zxf Test-Simple-0.98.tar.gz
tar zxf DBI-1.622.tar.gz
tar zxf DBD-mysql-4.022.tar.gz
cd Test-Simple-0.98
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ../
cd DBI-1.622
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ../
cd DBD-mysql-4.022
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd ../
----------------------------------------------
cd db
./installdb -ucactiuser -pcactiuser -hlocalhost -d cacti
-------
cp ../config/ndomod.cfg-sample /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/ndomod.cfg
vi /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/nagios.cfg
check_external_commands=1
command_check_interval=-1
event_broker_options=-1
broker_module=/soft/nagios-3.4.1/bin/ndomod-3x.o config_file=/soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/ndomod.cfg
process_performance_data=1
--------
cd /root/ndoutils-1.5.2/src
cp ndomod-3x.o ndo2db-3x log2ndo file2sock /soft/nagios-3.4.1/bin/
cd ../config
cp ndo2db.cfg-sample /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/ndo2db.cfg
/soft/ndoutils-1.5.2/bin/ndo2db -c /soft/nagios-3.4.1/etc/ndo2db.cfg
mkdir -p /soft/ndoutils-1.5.2/var/
# selinux
# http://wiki.centos.org/TipsAndTricks/SelinuxBooleans
# http://selinuxproject.org/page/NB_AL
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /soft/nagios-3.4.1/sbin/
chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /soft/nagios-3.4.1/share/
# 安裝npc 讓nagios在cacti顯示
tar zxf npc-2.0.4.tar.gz
cp -r npc /wwwroot/web/cacti/plugins/
chown www:www -R /wwwroot/web/
# 解決npc不出圖的問題 進mysql cacti 數據庫進行刷庫
ALTER TABLE npc_eventhandlers ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_hostchecks ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_hoststatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_notifications ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_servicechecks ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_servicestatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_statehistory ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
ALTER TABLE npc_systemcommands ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
# 進入到軟件目錄
chown nagios:nagios -R nagios-3.4.1/ ndoutils-1.5.2/
# 進入web進行插件設置
ndo2db 內核錯誤解釋
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
65536
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/msgmax
65536
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/msgmni
1985
# echo 131072 > /proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb
and
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
and adjust the appropriate value(s).
Why did I do it:
Because of repeating error messages in /var/log/messages:
360viewpoint ndo2db: Warning: Retrying message send. This can occur because you have too few messages allowed or too few total bytes allowed in message queues. You are currently using 64 of 1985 messages and 65536 of 65536 bytes in the queue. See README for kernel tuning options.
How did I know how to do this
Read the NDO-Utils README file:
************************
TUNING KERNEL PARAMETERS
************************
NDOUTILS uses a single message queue to communicate between the broker
module and the NDO2DB daemon. Depending on the operating system, there
may be parameters that need to be tuned in order for this communication
to work correctly. The discussion below applies specifically to Linux,
but may apply generally to other Unices as well.
There are three Linux kernel parameters that determine the resources
provided to the messaging subsystem:
* kernel.msgmax is the maximum size of a single message in a
message queue
* kernel.msgmni is the maximum number of messages allowed in any
one message queue
* kernel.msgmnb is the total number of bytes allow in all messages
in any one message queue
To see the current values for any of these parameters, cat
/proc/sys/kernel/msg{max|mni|mnb}.
In order for NDOUTILS to work at all, kernel.msgmax must be greater than
the size of the queue_msg struct (currently 1026 bytes). Most Linux
distributions set kernel.msgmax to a default of 65536.
If there are insufficient resources for sending messages between the
broker and the daemon, you will see an entry similar to the following
in your logs. (This is logged via the syslog facility, using the level
LOG_ERR and the default facility.)
ndo2db: Warning: Retrying message send. This can occur because
you have too few messages allowed or too few total bytes
allowed in message queues. You are currently using 16 of 16
mesages and 65536 of 65536 bytes in the queue. See README for
kernel tuning options.
If you see this entry, the message will likely eventually be sent,
but retrying uses system resources, and there is the possibility that
more messages will queued than can be handled, causing the broker
module to stall.
If you are close to or have exceeded the number of messages, you may
need to increase kernel.msgmni. If you are close to or have exceeded
the number of bytes in the queue, you may need to increase
kernel.msgmnb. In some cases you may need to increase both.
A conservative approach would be to double the necessary value, stop
and restart both the NDO2DB daemon and Nagios Core, and watch for any
further messages. Note that if NDO2DB is started after Nagios Core,
you may see the warning above as the broker module first attempts to
flush its backlog of messages.
To increase a value, echo the value to /proc/sys/kernel/msgmni or
/proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb as appropriate.
For example, to increase the number of messages allowed in the queue
to 32, use the command 'echo 32 > /proc/sys/kernel/msgmni' (without
the quotes).
Once you have determine the correct parameters, you can make them
permanent by editing /etc/sysctl.conf. Add or update the line of
the form 'kernel.msg{mni|mnb} = <value>' with the value(s) determined
above. The next time the system is booted, the values of the
parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf will be loaded.
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