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本篇內容介紹了“Spring怎么使用注解和配置文件配置事務”的有關知識,在實際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細閱讀,能夠學有所成!
使用注解配置事務:
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; public interface BookShopDao { //根據書號獲取書的單價 public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn); //更新數的庫存. 使書號對應的庫存 - 1 public void updateBookStock(String isbn); //更新用戶的賬戶余額: 使 username 的 balance - price public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price); }
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository("bookShopDao") public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) { String sql = "SELECT price FROM book WHERE isbn = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, isbn); } @Override public void updateBookStock(String isbn) { //檢查書的庫存是否足夠, 若不夠, 則拋出異常 String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?"; int stock = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn); if(stock == 0){ throw new BookStockException("庫存不足!"); } String sql = "UPDATE book_stock SET stock = stock -1 WHERE isbn = ?"; jdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn); } @Override public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) { //驗證余額是否足夠, 若不足, 則拋出異常 String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?"; int balance = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, username); if(balance < price){ throw new UserAccountException("余額不足!"); } String sql = "UPDATE account SET balance = balance - ? WHERE username = ?"; jdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username); } }
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; public interface BookShopService { public void purchase(String username, String isbn); }
事務配置的核心部分:
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Service("bookShopService") public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService { @Autowired private BookShopDao bookShopDao; //添加事務注解 //1.使用 propagation 指定事務的傳播行為, 即當前的事務方法被另外一個事務方法調用時 //REQUIRED:為默認取值, 被調用的事務一個執行失敗整個大事務就回滾 //REQUIRES_NEW:調用的事務如果執行成功就保存結果不會被回滾,其他事務執行失敗不會影響到它 //2.使用 isolation 指定事務的隔離級別, 最常用的取值為 READ_COMMITTED //3.默認情況下 Spring 的聲明式事務對所有的運行時異常進行回滾. 也可以通過對應的 //屬性進行設置. 通常情況下取默認值即可. //4.使用 readOnly 指定事務是否為只讀. 表示這個事務只讀取數據但不更新數據, //這樣可以幫助數據庫引擎優化事務. 若方法只讀取數據庫值, 應設置 readOnly=true //5.使用 timeout 指定事務最多可以占用的時間,若超過時間則強制回滾 // @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW, // isolation=Isolation.READ_COMMITTED, // noRollbackFor={UserAccountException.class}) @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW, isolation=Isolation.READ_COMMITTED, readOnly=false, timeout=3) @Override public void purchase(String username, String isbn) { try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} //1. 獲取書的單價 int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn); //2. 更新數的庫存 bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn); //3. 更新用戶余額 bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price); } }
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; import java.util.List; public interface Cashier { public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns); }
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Service("cashier") public class CashierImpl implements Cashier { @Autowired private BookShopService bookShopService; @Transactional @Override public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns) { for(String isbn: isbns){ bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn); } } }
package com.atguigu.spring.tx; import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.util.Arrays; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTransactionTest { private ApplicationContext ctx = null; private BookShopDao bookShopDao = null; private BookShopService bookShopService = null; private Cashier cashier = null; { ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); bookShopDao = ctx.getBean(BookShopDao.class); bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class); cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class); } @Test public void testTransactionlPropagation(){ cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001", "1002")); } @Test public void testBookShopService(){ bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001"); } @Test public void testBookShopDaoUpdateUserAccount(){ bookShopDao.updateUserAccount("AA", 200); } @Test public void testBookShopDaoUpdateBookStock(){ bookShopDao.updateBookStock("1001"); } @Test public void testBookShopDaoFindPriceByIsbn() { System.out.println(bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn("1001")); } }
BookStockException、UserAccountException為自定義異常類!
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring"></context:component-scan> <!-- 導入資源文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 配置 C3P0 數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置 Spirng 的 JdbcTemplate --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置 NamedParameterJdbcTemplate, 該對象可以使用具名參數, 其沒有無參數的構造器, 所以必須為其構造器指定參數 --> <bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate"> <constructor-arg ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg> </bean> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 啟用事務注解 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> </beans>
配置文件(使用配置文件配置事務,以上類的注解需要全部刪除):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring"></context:component-scan> <!-- 導入資源文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 配置 C3P0 數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置 Spirng 的 JdbcTemplate --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置 bean --> <bean id="bookShopDao" class="com.atguigu.spring.tx.xml.BookShopDaoImpl"> <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"></property> </bean> <bean id="bookShopService" class="com.atguigu.spring.tx.xml.service.impl.BookShopServiceImpl"> <property name="bookShopDao" ref="bookShopDao"></property> </bean> <bean id="cashier" class="com.atguigu.spring.tx.xml.service.impl.CashierImpl"> <property name="bookShopService" ref="bookShopService"></property> </bean> <!-- 1. 配置事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!-- 2. 配置事務屬性 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <!-- 根據方法名指定事務的屬性 --> <tx:method name="purchase" propagation="REQUIRES_NEW"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 3. 配置事務切入點, 以及把事務切入點和事務屬性關聯起來 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.atguigu.spring.tx.xml.service.*.*(..))" id="txPointCut"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/> </aop:config> </beans>
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