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這篇文章主要介紹“Docker的基本使用方法是什么”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Docker的基本使用方法是什么問題上存在疑惑，小編查閱了各式資料，整理出簡單好用的操作方法，希望對大家解答”Docker的基本使用方法是什么”的疑惑有所幫助！接下來，請跟著小編一起來學習吧！
開啟動網絡轉發功能，默認會自動開啟
[root@Docker ]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #插入以下內容net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@Docker ]# sysctl -p #生效net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@Docker ]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward1
docker 常用參數： run 運行 -i 以交互模式運行容器，通常與 -t 同時使用 -t 為容器重新分配一個偽輸入終端，通常與 -i 同時使用 [root@Docker ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB [root@Docker ~]# docker run -it centos:latest /bin/bash #啟動一個實例，秒級響應[root@efb4af688330 /]# lsbin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@efb4af688330 /]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
安裝軟件
[root@0a297ff99af8 /]# yum install -y httpdFailed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8 CentOS-8 - AppStream 5.7 MB/s | 7.0 MB 00:01 CentOS-8 - Base 2.2 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00 CentOS-8 - Extras 8.1 kB/s | 5.9 kB 00:00 Dependencies resolved. ========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repo Size ========================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 1.7 M Installing dependencies: apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 AppStream 125 k apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 105 k centos-logos-httpd noarch 80.5-2.el8 AppStream 24 k httpd-filesystem noarch 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 35 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 103 k mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796 AppStream 158 k brotli x86_64 1.0.6-1.el8 BaseOS 323 k mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 BaseOS 39 k Installing weak dependencies: apr-util-bdb x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 25 k apr-util-openssl x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 27 k Enabling module streams: httpd 2.4 Transaction Summary ========================================================================== Install 11 Packages Total download size: 2.6 M Installed size: 8.1 M Downloading Packages: (1/11): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.r 142 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00 A (2/11): apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm 588 kB/s | 125 kB 00:00 (3/11): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_ 346 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00 (4/11): apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 340 kB/s | 105 kB 00:00 (5/11): centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noa 187 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00 (6/11): httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module 398 kB/s | 35 kB 00:00 (7/11): mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0 992 kB/s | 158 kB 00:00 (8/11): httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 4.8 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00 (9/11): httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8. 387 kB/s | 103 kB 00:00 (10/11): mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm 289 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00 (11/11): brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 826 kB/s | 323 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 290 kB/s | 2.6 MB 00:09 warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D: Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) "Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11 Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11 Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11 Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11 Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11 Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 5/11 Installing : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 6/11 Installing : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 7/11 Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11 Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11 Installing : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 9/11 Installing : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 10/11 Installing : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11 Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11 Verifying : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11 Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11 Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11 Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11 Verifying : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 5/11 Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 6/11 Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 7/11 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 8/11 Verifying : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 9/11 Verifying : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 10/11 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 11/11 Installed: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64 mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64 brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch Complete!
退出容器
[root@efb4af688330 /]# exitexit[root@Docker ~]#
例 2：在 container 中啟動一個長久運行的進程，不斷向 stdin 輸出 hello world 模擬一個后臺運行的服務
docker 常用參數： -d 后臺運行容器，并返回容器 ID -c 后面跟待完成的命令 [root@Docker ~]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"607752360adf7e9ebfdbae01d09b2fd9ed2f350ad2d87e3e868d63144b966104#容器的 ID
從一個容器中取日志，查看輸出的內容
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360ad #容器的 ID 可以寫全，也可以不寫全，只要唯一就可以了hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world [root@Docker ~]#
查看正在運行的容器
[root@Docker ]# docker ps #列出所有運行中容器CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Up About a minute brave_fermi
也可以使用短 ID 或 docker 實例的名字查看日志輸出
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360adf或 [root@Docker ~]# docker logs brave_fermi[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器（包含沉睡/退出狀態的容器）CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes brave_fermi 0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 5 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago epic_mcclintock [root@Docker ~]# docker images #列出所有本地鏡像REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
查看要殺死容器的 ID
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器（包含沉睡/退出狀態的容器）；殺死 ID 為 607752360adf 的容器 [root@Docker ~]# docker kill 607752360adf #殺死一個容器607752360adf
查看結果
[root@Docker ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
啟動： run # 創建并運行 docker 實例
[root@Docker ]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
查看容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds flamboyant_keller
關閉容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker stop bea2aaa70725bea2aaa70725
查看
[root@Docker ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@Docker ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Exited (137) 35 seconds ago flamboyant_keller 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 9 minutes ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago brave_fermi 0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (1) 10 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago epic_mcclintock [root@Docker ~]# docker start bea2aaa70725bea2aaa70725 [root@Docker ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 2 minutes ago Up 31 seconds flamboyant_keller [root@Docker ~]# docker restart bea2aaa70725bea2aaa70725
刪除指定 container ： rm
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm bea2aaa70725Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container bea2aaa707259a80c474e7d43c5648af0a5cfe16c4e50470fb6c5c84a0490d8b. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
解決：可以先把容器 1a63ddea6571 關閉，然后再刪除或加-f 強制刪除
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm -f bea2aaa70725bea2aaa70725
到此，關于“Docker的基本使用方法是什么”的學習就結束了，希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學習，快去試試吧！若想繼續學習更多相關知識，請繼續關注億速云網站，小編會繼續努力為大家帶來更多實用的文章！
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