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這篇文章主要介紹Spring Security如何實現自動登陸功能,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
當我們在登錄像QQ郵箱這種大多數的網站,往往在登錄按鍵上會有下次自動登錄這個選項,勾選后登錄成功,在一段時間內,即便退出瀏覽器或者服務器重啟,再次訪問不需要用戶輸入賬號密碼進行登錄,這也解決了用戶每次輸入賬號密碼的麻煩。
接下來實現自動登陸。
applicatio.properties配置用戶名密碼
spring.security.user.name=java spring.security.user.password=java
controller層實現
@RestController public class HelloController { @GetMapping("/hello") public String hello() { return "hello"; } }
配置類實現
@Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.formLogin() .and() .authorizeRequests() .anyRequest() .authenticated() .and() .rememberMe() .and() .csrf().disable(); }
訪問http://localhost:8080/hello,此時系統會重定向到登錄頁面。
二話不說,輸入賬號密碼,開搞!
此時看到了登錄數據remember-me的值為on,當自定義登陸框的時候應該知道如何定義key了吧。
在hello接口,可以很清楚的看到cookie里保存了一個remember-me的令牌,這個就是自動登錄的關鍵所在。
至于令牌是怎么生成的,先看一段源碼。核心處理類TokenBasedRememberMeServices
->onLoginSuccess
public void onLoginSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication successfulAuthentication) { //拿到用戶名和密碼 String username = this.retrieveUserName(successfulAuthentication); String password = this.retrievePassword(successfulAuthentication); //用戶名為空 打印日志 if (!StringUtils.hasLength(username)) { this.logger.debug("Unable to retrieve username"); } else { //密碼為空 通過用戶名再去查詢 if (!StringUtils.hasLength(password)) { UserDetails user = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username); password = user.getPassword(); //查到的密碼還為空 打印日志 結束 if (!StringUtils.hasLength(password)) { this.logger.debug("Unable to obtain password for user: " + username); return; } } //令牌有效期的生成 1209600是兩周 也就是說令牌有效期14天 int tokenLifetime = this.calculateLoginLifetime(request, successfulAuthentication); long expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); expiryTime += 1000L * (long)(tokenLifetime < 0 ? 1209600 : tokenLifetime); //生成簽名 signature String signatureValue = this.makeTokenSignature(expiryTime, username, password); //設置cookie this.setCookie(new String[]{username, Long.toString(expiryTime), signatureValue}, tokenLifetime, request, response); if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) { this.logger.debug("Added remember-me cookie for user '" + username + "', expiry: '" + new Date(expiryTime) + "'"); } } } //使用MD5加密 通過用戶名、令牌有效期、密碼和key生成rememberMe的令牌 這里的key也就是加密的鹽值 protected String makeTokenSignature(long tokenExpiryTime, String username, String password) { String data = username + ":" + tokenExpiryTime + ":" + password + ":" + this.getKey(); try { MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); return new String(Hex.encode(digest.digest(data.getBytes()))); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException var7) { throw new IllegalStateException("No MD5 algorithm available!"); } }
看完了核心的源碼,也就知道了令牌的生成規則:username + “:” + tokenExpiryTime + “:” + password + “:” + key(key 是一個散列鹽值,可以用來防治令牌被修改,通過MD5散列函數生成。),然后通過Base64編碼。
取出剛才的remember-me=amF2YToxNjM3MTI2MDk1OTMxOmQ5OGI3OTY5OTE4ZmQwMzE3ZWUyY2U4Y2MzMjQxZGQ0
進行下驗證。
解碼后是java:1637126095931:d98b7969918fd0317ee2ce8cc3241dd4
,很明顯java
是username
,1637126095931
是兩周后的tokenExpiryTime
,d98b7969918fd0317ee2ce8cc3241dd4
是password
和key
值的MD5加密生成的。
需要注意的是key值是通過UUID隨機生成的,當重啟服務器時,UUID的變化會導致自動登錄失敗,所以為了避免之前生成的令牌失效,可以在配置中定義key值。
@Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.formLogin() .and() .authorizeRequests() .anyRequest() .authenticated() .and() .rememberMe() .key("HelloWorld") .and() .csrf().disable(); }
在Spring Security—登陸流程分析曾經說到 Spring Security中的認證授權都是通過過濾器來實現的。RememberMeAuthenticationFilter 是自動登錄的核心過濾器。
public class RememberMeAuthenticationFilter extends GenericFilterBean implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware { private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //獲取當前用戶實例 繼續過濾校驗 if (SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() != null) { this.logger.debug(LogMessage .of(() -> "SecurityContextHolder not populated with remember-me token, as it already contained: '" + SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() + "'")); chain.doFilter(request, response); return; } //登錄獲取Auth Authentication rememberMeAuth = this.rememberMeServices.autoLogin(request, response); if (rememberMeAuth != null) { // Attempt authenticaton via AuthenticationManager try { //進行remember-me校驗 rememberMeAuth = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(rememberMeAuth); // Store to SecurityContextHolder //保存用戶實例 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(rememberMeAuth); //成功頁面跳轉 onSuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, rememberMeAuth); this.logger.debug(LogMessage.of(() -> "SecurityContextHolder populated with remember-me token: '" + SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() + "'")); if (this.eventPublisher != null) { this.eventPublisher.publishEvent(new InteractiveAuthenticationSuccessEvent( SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication(), this.getClass())); } if (this.successHandler != null) { this.successHandler.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, rememberMeAuth); return; } } catch (AuthenticationException ex) { this.logger.debug(LogMessage .format("SecurityContextHolder not populated with remember-me token, as AuthenticationManager " + "rejected Authentication returned by RememberMeServices: '%s'; " + "invalidating remember-me token", rememberMeAuth), ex); this.rememberMeServices.loginFail(request, response); //失敗頁面跳轉 onUnsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, ex); } } chain.doFilter(request, response); } }
@Override public final Authentication autoLogin(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { //獲取cookie String rememberMeCookie = extractRememberMeCookie(request); if (rememberMeCookie == null) { return null; } this.logger.debug("Remember-me cookie detected"); if (rememberMeCookie.length() == 0) { this.logger.debug("Cookie was empty"); cancelCookie(request, response); return null; } try { //解碼cookie 拿到令牌 String[] cookieTokens = decodeCookie(rememberMeCookie); //通過令牌獲取UserdDetails UserDetails user = processAutoLoginCookie(cookieTokens, request, response); this.userDetailsChecker.check(user); this.logger.debug("Remember-me cookie accepted"); return createSuccessfulAuthentication(request, user); } catch (CookieTheftException ex) { cancelCookie(request, response); throw ex; } catch (UsernameNotFoundException ex) { this.logger.debug("Remember-me login was valid but corresponding user not found.", ex); } catch (InvalidCookieException ex) { this.logger.debug("Invalid remember-me cookie: " + ex.getMessage()); } catch (AccountStatusException ex) { this.logger.debug("Invalid UserDetails: " + ex.getMessage()); } catch (RememberMeAuthenticationException ex) { this.logger.debug(ex.getMessage()); } cancelCookie(request, response); return null; }
大致整體流程就是如果拿不到實例,則進行remember-me驗證,通過autoLogin方法里獲取cookie,解析令牌,拿到Auth,最后進行校驗。之后剩下的和登陸流程分析的差不多。
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