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這篇文章給大家分享的是有關Java基于HttpClient如何實現RPC的內容。小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家做個參考,一起跟隨小編過來看看吧。
在JDK中java.net包下提供了用戶HTTP訪問的基本功能,但是它缺少靈活性或許多應用所需要的功能。
HttpClient起初是Apache Jakarta Common 的子項目。用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議的客戶端編程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 協議最新的版本。2007年成為頂級項目。
通俗解釋:HttpClient可以實現使用Java代碼完成標準HTTP請求及響應。
新建項目HttpClientServer
com.mrshun.controller.DemoController @Controller public class DemoController { @RequestMapping("/demo") @ResponseBody public String demo(String param){ return "demo"+param; } }
新建啟動器
com.mrshun.HttpClientServerApplication @SpringBootApplication public class HttpClientServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HttpClientServerApplication.class,args); } }
新建HttpClientDemo項目
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.10</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
新建com.mrshun.HttpClientDemo,編寫主方法。
2.2.2.1 使用GET方法訪問
public static void main(String[] args) { try { //創建http工具(理解成:瀏覽器) 發起請求,解析響應 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //請求路徑 URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/demo"); uriBuilder.addParameter("param", "get123"); //創建HttpGet請求對象 HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build()); //創建響應對象 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get); //由于響應體是字符串,因此把HttpEntity類型轉換為字符串類型,并設置字符編碼 String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); //輸出結果 System.out.println(result); //釋放資源 response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
2.2.2.2 使用POST方式訪問
public class HttpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //創建http工具(理解成:瀏覽器) 發起請求,解析響應 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //創建HttpPOST請求對象 HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/demo"); //所有請求參數 List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>(); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param","123")); //創建HttpEntity接口的文本實現類的對象,放入參數并設置編碼 HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"utf-8"); //放入到HttpPost對象中 post.setEntity(httpEntity); //創建響應對象 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); //由于響應體是字符串,因此把HttpEntity類型轉換為字符串類型 String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); //輸出結果 System.out.println(result); //釋放資源 response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); People peo = new People(); objectMapper.writeValueAsString(peo);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); People peo = objectMapper.readValue(content, People.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(List.class, People.class); List<People> list = objectMapper.readValue(content, javaType);
public class HttpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/demo"); HttpEntity httpEntity= null; String json = "{}"; StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); post.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post); String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); System.out.println(result); response.close(); httpClient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
@RequestBody把請求體中流數據轉換為指定的對象。多用在請求參數是json數據且請求的Content-Type=”application/json”
@RequestMapping("/demo4") @ResponseBody public String demo4(@RequestBody List<People> list) { System.out.println(list); return list.toString(); }
var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":123,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]'; $.ajax({ url:'/demo5', type:'post', success:function(data){ alert(data); for(var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){ alert(data[i].id +" "+data[i].name); } }, contentType:'application/json',//請求體中內容類型 dataType:'json',//響應內容類型。 data:json });
跨域:協議、ip、端口中只要有一個不同就是跨域請求。
同源策略:瀏覽器默認只允許ajax訪問同源(協議、ip、端口都相同)內容。
解決同源策略:
在控制器接口上添加@CrossOrigin。表示允許跨域。本質在響應頭中添加Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":456,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]'; $.ajax({ url:'/demo5', type:'post', success:function(data){ alert(data); for(var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){ alert(data[i].id +" "+data[i].name); } }, contentType:'application/json',//請求體中內容類型 dataType:'json',//響應內容類型。 data:json });
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