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這篇文章主要介紹了如何使用spring框架實現數據庫事務處理方式,具有一定借鑒價值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
事務對于數據庫來說是,是對sql語句的一系列操作,這些操作被組織成為一個事務。事務具有原子性的,要么全部執行,要么不執行。若事務中sql語句發生錯誤,事務需要對已經執行的sql進行回滾操作,撤銷先前對數據庫的操作,防止數據庫出現錯誤狀態。
jdbc本身提供了對數據庫處理的支持,使用java.sql.Connection對象完成事務的提交。使用Connection提交數據庫事務處理如下:
發現里面有一個方法叫setAutoCommit(),設置為true時,就是自動提交sql,如果設置為false時,sql語句的提交由程序負責,應用程序必須調用Commit方法,同時在執行sql語句異常處理塊中調用rollback方法,對異常發生前進行的數據庫進行回滾。
在企業級中,事務一般都是并發執行的,當事務并發執行時,就會發生數據庫同步的問題,具體問題可分為下面四種類型:
臟讀:
不可重復讀:
丟失更新:
幻讀:
為了解決上面的四種問題,解決事務并發的問題
transaction_read_uncommitted
:數據級別最低,俗稱臟讀,在沒有提交數據時,就已經讀取到已經更新的數據。
transaction_read_committed
:當一個事務進行查詢時,允許讀取提交前的數據,數據提交后,當前查詢就可以讀取到數據,update數據的時候并不鎖住表。(最長使用)
transaction_repeatable_read
:當一個事務進行查詢時,不允許讀取其他事務更新的數據,可以讀取其他事務新增的數據。
transaction_serializable
:當一個事務進行查詢時,不允許任何對這個事務進行查詢,就是把并行改成了串行。不提倡使用。
第一步就是配置數據源就是配置數據庫的名稱和密碼,地址等。
第二步就是聲明事務管理TransactionManagerspring框架提供了PlatformTransactionManager作為事務管理類的頂層接口,聲明了初始化事務,提交事務,回滾事務等接口。接口實現由具體的數據庫驅動類實現。具體包括DataTransactionManager等實現類。但是主要還是使用的是DataTransactionManager類。
定義可以執行事務的DAO類DAO提供了應用程序訪問數據源必要的接口和方法。
編程式事務管理,
maven pom.xml文件
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驅動 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.18</version> </dependency>
編程式事務管理,可以通過 java.sql.Connection 控制事務。spring 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
測試代碼
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { testManualTransaction();//測試函數式控制事務 } private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml"); DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource"); Connection conn = ds.getConnection(); try { initTable(conn);//初始化表 conn.setAutoCommit(false);//設置不自動提交事務 queryUsers(conn);//查詢打印用戶表 deleteUser(conn);//刪除 id=1 用戶 conn.rollback();//回滾 queryUsers(conn);//查詢打印用戶表 } finally { conn.close(); } } private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException { conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user"); conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事務與數據庫引擎有關,此處刪除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事務 conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')"); conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')"); } private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException { conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1"); } private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException { Statement st = conn.createStatement(); st.execute("select * from user"); ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet(); while (rs.next()) { System.out.print(rs.getString("id")); System.out.print(" "); System.out.print(rs.getString("username")); System.out.println(); } } }
刪除用戶語句回滾,打印出兩個用戶
1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2
新增 UserDao 接口
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public interface UserDao { /** * 查詢用戶 * @return */ public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers(); /** * 刪除用戶 * @param id * @return */ public int deleteUser(int id); }
新增 UserDao 實現
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao { /** * 查詢用戶 * @return */ public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() { String sql = "select * from user"; return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql); } /** * 刪除用戶 * @param id * @return */ public int deleteUser(int id){ String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id; int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql); if (id == 1) { throw new RuntimeException(); } return result; } }
修改 spring 配置文件,添加事務管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事務代理類 TransactionProxyFactoryBean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事務管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property> <property name="target" ref="userDao"></property> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <!-- 主要 key 是方法 ISOLATION_DEFAULT 事務的隔離級別 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED 傳播行為 --> <!-- -Exception 表示發生指定異常回滾,+Exception 表示發生指定異常提交 --> <prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
測試代碼
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml"); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { testUseTransactionProxy(); //測試使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean } private static void testUseTransactionProxy() { final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy"); printUsers(userDao);//打印用戶 userDao.deleteUser(1);//刪除 id=1 用戶 } private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) { for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user); } } }
結果輸出
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
UserDaoImpl 刪除用戶方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出現 RuntimeException 回滾
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao { /** * 查詢用戶 * @return */ public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() { String sql = "select * from user"; return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql); } /** * 刪除用戶 * @param id * @return */ @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) public int deleteUser(int id){ String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id; int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql); if (id == 1) { throw new RuntimeException(); } return result; } }
修改 spring 配置文件,開啟 spring 的事務注解能力
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事務管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 啟用事務注解 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"/> </beans>
測試代碼
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml"); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { testAnnotationTransaction(); } private static void testAnnotationTransaction() { UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao"); printUsers(userDao); userDao.deleteUser(1); } private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) { for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user); } } }
輸出結果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持
<dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.13</version> </dependency>
去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao { /** * 查詢用戶 * @return */ public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() { String sql = "select * from user"; return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql); } /** * 刪除用戶 * @param id * @return */ public int deleteUser(int id){ String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id; int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql); if (id == 1) { throw new RuntimeException(); } return result; } }
修改 spring 配置文件,織入切面
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事務管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <!-- 為連接點指定事務屬性 --> <tx:method name="deleteUser" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <!-- 切入點配置 --> <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDao.deleteUser(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/> </aop:config> </beans>
測試代碼
package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml"); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { testAspectjTransaction(); } private static void testAspectjTransaction() { UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao"); printUsers(userDao); userDao.deleteUser(1); } private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) { for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) { System.out.println(user); } } }
輸出結果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
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