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如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel導入導出Excel數據

發布時間:2021-09-16 09:07:40 來源:億速云 閱讀:120 作者:柒染 欄目:編程語言

這篇文章給大家介紹如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel導入導出Excel數據,內容非常詳細,感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒,希望對大家能有所幫助。

Excel 是常用的數據整理統計的工具,通常在一些信息化平臺中為了更好的實現無紙化或者上云,需要對辦公數據進行遷移,從辦公電腦遷移到平臺上,又或者將平臺上的數據下載下來給非開發人員使用,勢必會涉及到數據的導入導出,而數據格式非 Excel 不可。

本文將結合實際的開發需求,總結開發過程中  Excel 的導入和導出,涉及的開發框架:

  • ThinkPHP 3.2【相關教程推薦:thinkphp框架】

  • phpExcel

在部署上,對于Excel中圖片較多的數據,需要加長超時或者運行時間及增加上傳大小限制

代碼倉庫:https://github.com/QuintionTang/crayon-thinkphp

導入

數據的導入,開始之前需要定義導入數據的格式,而且必須嚴格按照規定的格式程序才能正確的解析數據。通常的數據導入只是純文本的數據,本文將導入Excel中帶圖片的數據,以最大可能覆蓋導入需求。

模板

模板是數據導入的基礎,下面定義一個簡單的數據模板,如下格式:

有文本,有圖片,導入數據首選需要讀取到Excel文件,因此還需要涉及文件的上傳,文件上傳成功之后,先檢測圖片列,直接看代碼:

    public function excel_import(){
            $usedfor = empty($_GET['usedfor']) ? 'picture' : trim($_GET['usedfor']);
            $used_for = $usedfor;
            import('ORG.Net.UploadFile');
            $upload = $this->_upload_init(new \Org\Net\UploadFile(),$usedfor);// 實例化上傳類
            $attach = array();
            $attachment = array();
            $attach["success"] = 0;
            $info = "";
            if(!$upload->upload()) { // 上傳錯誤提示錯誤信息
                $upload_error = $upload->getErrorMsg();
                $attach["msg"] = $upload_error;
            }else{ // 上傳成功 獲取上傳文件信息
                $info =  $upload->getUploadFileInfo();
            }
            // 上傳成功后開始處理
            if(is_array($info)){
                $info = $info[0];
                // PHPExcel 類引入
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel5");
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Reader.Excel2007");
                
                import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");

                $filePath = $info["savepath"] . $info["savename"];
                $input_file_type = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::identify($filePath);

                // 開始讀取Excel數據
                $objExcel = new \PHPExcel();

                $objReader = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createReader($input_file_type);
                // 加載Excel文件
                $objPHPExcel = $objReader->load($filePath); 
                $objWorksheet = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet();
                $data = $objWorksheet->toArray();
                $attach_path = C('attach_path');
                $subpath = date('YmdHm', time());
                // Excel圖片存儲路徑
                $imageFileRealPath = $attach_path . "excel_img/".$subpath ."/" ; 
                mkdirs($imageFileRealPath);
                $i = 0;
                $rebarRows = array();
                // 下面開始處理圖片
                foreach ($objWorksheet->getDrawingCollection() as $img) {
                    list($startColumn, $startRow) = \PHPExcel_Cell::coordinateFromString($img->getCoordinates()); //獲取圖片所在行和列
                    $imageFileName = uniqid();
                    try {
                        switch($img->getExtension()) {
                            case 'jpg':
                            case 'jpeg':
                                $imageFileName .= '.jpeg';
                                $source = imagecreatefromjpeg($img->getPath());
                                imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                            case 'gif':
                                $imageFileName .= '.gif';
                                $source = imagecreatefromgif($img->getPath());
                                $width = imagesx($source);
                                $height = imagesy($source);
                                if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
                                    $newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
                                    /* --- 用以處理縮放png圖透明背景變黑色問題開始 --- */
                                    $color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
                                    imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
                                    imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
                                    ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                } else {
                                    $newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
                                    ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                }
                                imagejpeg($source, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                            case 'png':
                                $imageFileName .= '.png';
                                $source = imagecreatefrompng($img->getPath());
                                $width = imagesx($source);
                                $height = imagesy($source);
                                if (function_exists("imagecreatetruecolor")) {
                                    $newImg = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
                                    
                                    /* --- 用以處理縮放png圖透明背景變黑色問題開始 --- */
                                    $color = imagecolorallocate($newImg,255,255,255);
                                    imagecolortransparent($newImg,$color);
                                    imagefill($newImg,0,0,$color);
                                    ImageCopyResampled($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                } else {
                                    $newImg = imagecreate($width, $height);
                                    ImageCopyResized($newImg, $source, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height);
                                }
                                imagejpeg($newImg, $imageFileRealPath.$imageFileName,100);
                                break;
                        }
                        $startColumn = $this->ABC2decimal($startColumn);
                        $data[$startRow-1][$startColumn] = $imageFileRealPath . $imageFileName;
                    } catch (\Throwable $th) {
                        throw $th;
                    }
                    
                }
                $rowsData = array();
                foreach ($data as $key => $rowData) {
                    $serial = safty_value($rowData[0],0,'intval'); // 第一列 序號
                    $title = safty_value($rowData[1],'','trim'); // 第二列 名稱
                    $logo_save_path = safty_value($rowData[2],'','trim');  // logo圖形保存路徑
                    $remark = safty_value($rowData[3],'','trim');  //備注

                    if ($serial >0 && $logo_save_path!=="" && $title!==""){

                        array_push($rowsData,array(
                            "serial"=>$serial,
                            "title"=>$title,
                            "logo_path"=>$logo_save_path,
                            "remark"=>$remark
                        ));
                            
                    }
                }
                // 將導入的數據生成文件緩存
                $this->update_excel_data($rowsData); 
                $upload_result = array(
                    "count" => count($rowsData),
                    "success" => 1,
                    "state"=>"SUCCESS"
                );
                
            } else {
                $upload_result = array(
                    "message" => "上傳失敗!",
                    "success" => 0
                );
            }
            echo json_encode($upload_result);
    }

下面是操作流程,如下:

選擇文件上傳并導入,導出成功之后提示并刷當前列表頁面。

導出成功后的列表:

至此,數據導入已經完成了。

不足,導入的Excel文件在數據導入后沒有處理,因此建議最好刪除掉

導出

現在就來將上面的數據導出,導出Excel的格式定義,先需要定義表頭:

$first_cells = array(
    array("serial","序號"),
    array("title","名稱"),
    array("logo","logo"),
    array("remark","描述")
);

接下來就是按照表頭的格式,封裝數據,如下:

foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
    array_push($first_rows_data,array(
        "serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
        "title"=>$row_info['title'],
        "logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
        "remark"=>$row_info['remark']
    ));
}

至此,數據封裝已經完成,完整代碼如下:

    public function export(){
        $excel_detail = array(
            "author"=>"devpoint",
            "date"=>join(" ",$artifacts_full)
        );
        // 定義導出Excel表格信息
        $sheets = array(); // Excel表信息,一維代表一個數據表
        // 定義表頭
        $first_cells = array(
            array("serial","序號"),
            array("title","名稱"),
            array("logo","logo"),
            array("remark","描述")
        );
        // 為表增加數據
        $excel_data = get_file_cache("excel_data");
        $first_rows_data = array();
        // 數據與上面表頭對應
        foreach ($excel_data as $key => $row_info) {
            array_push($first_rows_data,array(
                "serial"=>$row_info['serial'],
                "title"=>$row_info['title'],
                "logo"=>$row_info['logo_path'],
                "remark"=>$row_info['remark']
            ));
        }
        array_push($sheets,array(
            "title"=>"前端項目流行框架",
            "cells"=>$first_cells,
            "rows"=>$first_rows_data
        ));
        $xlsName  = "Excel數據導出";
        $xlsName = $xlsName  . date('YmdHis');
        $this->exportExcel($xlsName,$sheets,$excel_detail);
    }

函數exportExcel將數據寫入到Excel,并定義表格的樣式,完整代碼如下:

    protected function exportExcel($expTitle,$xlsSheets,$detail){
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel");
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.Writer.Excel5");
        import("Org.Util.PHPExcel.IOFactory.php");
        $fileName = $expTitle;
        $objPHPExcel = new \PHPExcel();
        $objPHPExcel->getDefaultStyle()->getFont()->setName('宋體');
        // Excel列名稱
	$cellName = array(
	'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U',
	'V','W','X','Y','Z','AA','AB','AC','AD','AE','AF','AG','AH','AI','AJ','AK','AL','AM',
	'AN','AO','AP','AQ','AR','AS','AT','AU','AV','AW','AX','AY','AZ'
	);
        foreach ($xlsSheets as $index => $sheet_info) {
            $sheet_title = $sheet_info['title'];
            if ($index>0){
                // Excel默認已經建好的數據表,超過一張需要執行這里創建一個工作表
                $newSheet = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet($objPHPExcel, $sheet_title); //創建一個工作表
                $objPHPExcel->addSheet($newSheet);
            } else {
                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet($index)->setTitle($sheet_title);
            }
            $expCellName = $sheet_info['cells'];
            $expTableData = $sheet_info['rows'];
            $cellNum = count($expCellName);
            $dataNum = count($expTableData);
            $cellmerget = "";
            $cellWidths = array();
            $sheet_head_title = $sheet_title;
            // 下面需要為每個工作表定義寬度
            switch ($index) {
                case 1: // 每張表的索引從 0 開始計算
                    $cellmerget = 'A1:E1';
                    $cellWidths=array(16,16,16,28,16);
                    break;
                default:
                    $cellmerget = 'A1:D1';
                    $sheet_head_title = $sheet_title ;
                    $cellWidths=array(16,16,16,36);
                    break;
            }
            $activeSheet = $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex($index);

            for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
                $currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
                $activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(36);
                $activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'1')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
            }

            $activeSheet->mergeCells($cellmerget);//合并單元格
            $activeSheet->setCellValue('A1', $sheet_head_title);
            $activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER);
            $activeSheet->getStyle('A1')->getFont()->setSize(20);
            $activeSheet->getRowDimension(1)->setRowHeight(50);
            $styleThinBlackBorderOutline = array(  
                    'borders' => array (  
                        'outline' => array (  
                                'style' => \PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM,   //設置border樣式
                                'color' => array ('argb' => 'FF9b9b9b'),          //設置border顏色  
                        ),  
                ),  
            );  
            for($i=0;$i<$cellNum;$i++){
                $currentCellName = $cellName[$i];
                $activeSheet->getRowDimension(2)->setRowHeight(36);
                $activeSheet->getColumnDimension($currentCellName)->setWidth($cellWidths[$i]);
                $activeSheet->setCellValue($currentCellName.'2', $expCellName[$i][1]);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->setFillType(\PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFill()->getStartColor()->setARGB('FFc6efcd');
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getFont()->setSize(12)->setBold(true);
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->applyFromArray($styleThinBlackBorderOutline);  
                $activeSheet->getStyle($currentCellName.'2')->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                $activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3');  // 鎖定表頭,3 意味著鎖定第3行上面的
            }
            switch ($index) {
                case 1:

                    break;
                default:
                    $start_row_index = 3; // 數據開始索引行
                    for($i1=0;$i1<$dataNum;$i1++){
                        $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getRowDimension($i1+3)->setRowHeight(60);
                        for($j1=0;$j1<$cellNum;$j1++){
                            if ($j1===2){
                                $logo_path = $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]];
                                if ($logo_path!=="" && file_exists($logo_path)){
                                    $objDrawing = new \PHPExcel_Worksheet_Drawing();
                                    $objDrawing->setPath($logo_path);
                                    $objDrawing->setHeight(60);
                                    $objDrawing->setWidth(60);
                                
                                    $objDrawing->setOffsetX(5);
                                    $objDrawing->setOffsetY(5);
                                    $objDrawing->setCoordinates($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index));
                                    $objDrawing->setWorksheet($objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet());
                                } else {
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), "");
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
                                    $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
                                }
                            } else {
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index), $expTableData[$i1][$expCellName[$j1][0]]);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setVertical(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(\PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT);
                                $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle($cellName[$j1].($i1+$start_row_index))->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
            
        }
        $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);

		header('pragma:public');
		header('Content-type:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8;name="'.$fileName.'.xlsx"');
		header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=$fileName.xlsx"); // attachment新窗口打印inline本窗口打印
		$objWriter = \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objPHPExcel, 'Excel2007');
		$objWriter->save('php://output');
		exit;
    }

導出后的格式如下:

如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel導入導出Excel數據

鎖定表頭

鎖定表頭是Excel比較常見的功能,可以方便查閱者查閱數據,使用 phpExcel 設置表頭的代碼如下:

$activeSheet->freezePane($currentCellName.'3'); // 3 意味著鎖定第3行上面的行數

表格邊框樣式

上面的代碼設置表格邊框樣式的代碼為\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM,在 phpExcel 中有14個配置可選項目。

PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT;
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT;

1. BORDER_NONE

對應的完整配置項為 PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE,效果如下:

2. BORDER_THIN

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN

3. BORDER_MEDIUM

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM

4. BORDER_DASHED

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED

5. BORDER_DOTTED

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED

6. BORDER_THICK

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK

7. BORDER_DOUBLE

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE

8. BORDER_HAIR

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR
\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED

10. BORDER_DASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT

11. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT

12. BORDER_DASHDOTDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT

13. BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT

14. BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT

\PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT

部署

在部署上,通常的架構是 nginx + php-fpm,對于Excel中圖片比較多的數據導入需要設置加大上傳文件的限制和超時時間。

在文件上傳上,通常會出現 413 request Entity too Large 錯誤,解決的辦法是在 nginx 配置中增加以下配置:

client_max_body_size  2048m;

相應的 PHP 配置也需要修改,需要修改 php.ini

upload_max_filesize = 2048M
post_max_size = 2048M

Excel數據導入,通常會觸發504錯誤,這種情況一般是執行時間太短,涉及的 nginx 配置:

fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;

php-fpm 中的 www.conf

request_terminate_timeout = 1800

環境問題個人覺得是后臺開發經常發生的,最佳的方式是實際運行出一個最佳的配置,將其制作成 docker 鏡像,這樣可以確保環境遷移或者其他場合需要,可以快速完成環境配置,而且不容易出問題。


關于如何使用ThinkPHP+phpExcel導入導出Excel數據就分享到這里了,希望以上內容可以對大家有一定的幫助,可以學到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯,可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。

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