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MySQL中怎么實現性能壓力測試,很多新手對此不是很清楚,為了幫助大家解決這個難題,下面小編將為大家詳細講解,有這方面需求的人可以來學習下,希望你能有所收獲。
以下所有配置參數以32G內存的服務器為基
1、打開獨立的表空間
innodb_file_per_table = 1
2、MySQL服務所允許的同時會話數的上限,默認為151,經常出現Too Many Connections的錯誤提示,則需要增大此值
max_connections = 8000
3、操作系統在監聽隊列中所能保持的連接數
back_log = 300
4、每個客戶端連接最大的錯誤允許數量,當超過該次數,MYSQL服務器將禁止此主機的連接請求,直到MYSQL服務器重啟或通過flush hosts命令清空此主機的相關信息
max_connect_errors = 1000
5、所有線程所打開表的數量
open_files_limit = 10240
6、每個連接傳輸數據大小,最大1G,須是1024的倍數,一般設為最大的BLOB的值
max_allowed_packet = 32M
7、請求的最大連接時間
wait_timeout = 10
8、排序緩沖被用來處理類似ORDER BY以及GROUP BY隊列所引起的排序
sort_buffer_size = 16M
9、不帶索引的全表掃描,使用的buffer的最小值
join_buffer_size = 16M
10、查詢緩沖大小
query_cache_size = 128M
11、指定單個查詢能夠使用的緩沖區大小,默認為1M
query_cache_limit = 4M
12、設定默認的事務隔離級別
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
13、 線程使用的堆大小,此值限制內存中能處理的存儲過程的遞歸深度和SQL語句復雜性,此容量的內存在每次連接時被預留
thread_stack = 512K
14、開啟二進制日志功能
log_bin
15、二進制日志格式:基于行
binlog_format = row
16、InnoDB使用一個緩沖池來保存索引和原始數據, 可設置這個變量到服務器物理內存大小的80%
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G
17、用來同步IO操作的IO線程的數量
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
18、在Innodb核心內的允許線程數量,建議的設置是CPU數量加上磁盤數量的兩倍
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
19、用來緩沖日志數據的緩沖區的大小
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
20、在日志組中每個日志文件的大小
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
21、在日志組中的文件總數
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
22、SQL語句在被回滾前,InnoDB事務等待InnoDB行鎖的時間
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
23、慢查詢記錄的閾值時長,默認10秒
long_query_time = 2
24、將沒有使用索引的查詢也記錄下來
log-queries-not-using-indexes
my.cnf示例:
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock symbolic-links=0 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6442450944 #內存不足6G會報錯 innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/mariadb-bin binlog_format = row slow_query_log long_query_time = 2 log-queries-not-using-indexes transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 4M max_connections = 8000 back_log = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 open_files_limit = 10240 max_allowed_packet = 32M wait_timeout = 10 sort_buffer_size = 16M join_buffer_size = 16M thread_stack = 512K
常見測試工具:
mysqlslap
Sysbench
tpcc-mysql
MySQL Benchmark Suite
MySQL super-smack
MyBench
mysqlslap工具介紹
mysqlslap來自于mariadb包,測試的過程默認生成一個mysqlslap的schema,生成測試表t1,查詢和插入測試數據,mysqlslap庫自動生成,如果已經存在則先刪除。用--only-print來打印實際的測試過程,整個測試完成后不會在數據庫中留下痕跡。
常用選項:
--auto-generate-sql, -a 自動生成測試表和數據,表示用mysqlslap工具自己生成的SQL腳本來測試并發壓力
--auto-generate-sql-load-type=type 測試語句的類型。代表要測試的環境是讀操作還是寫操作還是兩者混合的。取值包括:read,key,write,update和mixed(默認)
--auto-generate-sql-add-auto-increment 代表對生成的表自動添加auto_increment列,從5.1.18版本開始支持
--number-char-cols=N, -x N 自動生成的測試表中包含多少個字符類型的列,默認1
--number-int-cols=N, -y N 自動生成的測試表中包含多少個數字類型的列,默認1
--number-of-queries=N 總的測試查詢次數(并發客戶數×每客戶查詢次數)
--query=name,-q 使用自定義腳本執行測試,例如可以調用自定義的存儲過程或者sql語句來執行測試
--create-schema 代表自定義的測試庫名稱,測試的schema,MySQL中schema也就是database
--commint=N 多少條DML后提交一次
--compress, -C 如服務器和客戶端都支持壓縮,則壓縮信息
--concurrency=N, -c N 表示并發量,即模擬多少個客戶端同時執行select;可指定多個值,以逗號或者--delimiter參數指定值做為分隔符
--engine=engine_name, -e engine_name 代表要測試的引擎,可以有多個,用分隔符隔開
--iterations=N, -i N 測試執行的迭代次數,代表要在不同并發環境下,各自運行測試多少次
--only-print 只打印測試語句而不實際執行
--detach=N 執行N條語句后斷開重連
--debug-info, -T 打印內存和CPU的相關信息
測試示例:
1)單線程測試
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqlslap -a -uroot -p Enter password: Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.004 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.004 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.004 seconds Number of clients running queries: 1 Average number of queries per client: 0
2)多線程測試,使用–concurrency來模擬并發連接
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqlslap -uroot -p -a -c 500 Enter password: Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.384 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.384 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.384 seconds Number of clients running queries: 500 Average number of queries per client: 0
3)同時測試不同的存儲引擎的性能進行對比
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqlslap -uroot -p -a --concurrency=500 --number-of-queries 1000 --iterations=5 --engine=myisam,innodb --debug-info Enter password: Benchmark Running for engine myisam Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.192 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.187 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.202 seconds Number of clients running queries: 500 Average number of queries per client: 2 Benchmark Running for engine innodb Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.355 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.350 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.364 seconds Number of clients running queries: 500 Average number of queries per client: 2 User time 0.33, System time 0.58 Maximum resident set size 22892, Integral resident set size 0 Non-physical pagefaults 46012, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0 Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0 Voluntary context switches 31896, Involuntary context switches 0
4)執行一次測試,分別500和1000個并發,執行5000次總查詢
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqlslap -uroot -p -a --concurrency=500,1000 --number-of-queries 5000 --debug-info Enter password: Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.378 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.378 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.378 seconds Number of clients running queries: 500 Average number of queries per client: 10 Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.101 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.101 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.101 seconds Number of clients running queries: 1000 Average number of queries per client: 5 User time 0.84, System time 0.64 Maximum resident set size 83068, Integral resident set size 0 Non-physical pagefaults 139977, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0 Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0 Voluntary context switches 31524, Involuntary context switches 3
5)迭代測試
[root@centos7 ~]# mysqlslap -uroot -p -a --concurrency=500 --number-of-queries 5000 --iterations=5 --debug-info Enter password: Benchmark Average number of seconds to run all queries: 3.307 seconds Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.184 seconds Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 3.421 seconds Number of clients running queries: 500 Average number of queries per client: 10 User time 2.18, System time 1.58 Maximum resident set size 74872, Integral resident set size 0 Non-physical pagefaults 327732, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0 Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0 Voluntary context switches 73904, Involuntary context switches 3
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