python Class：獲取對象類型

獲取對象類型：

一、type

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
    def run(self):
        print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print 'Dog is run'

print type(dog.run)

print type(Animal)

import types #導入模塊types
print type('abc')==types.StringType #判斷'abc'是否為字符串類型

print type(u'abc')==types.UnicodeType

print type([])==types.ListType

print type(int)==type(str)==types.TypeType   #所有的類型都是TypeType

二、isinstance類型

對于繼承關系class，用isinstance最為方便。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
    def run(self):
        print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print 'Dog is run'

print isinstance(dog, Dog) and isinstance(dog, Animal)

三、attr類型

1. getattr()

• getattr(object, name[, default])?

• Return the value of the named attribute of object.  name must be a string. If the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, the result is the value of that attribute.  For example, getattr(x, 'foobar') is equivalent tox.foobar.  If the named attribute does not exist, default is returned if provided, otherwise AttributeError is raised.

  對象的狀態存在，則返回狀態值，若不存在，則返回AttributeError:信息

  
  

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
    def run(self):
        print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print 'Dog is run'

dog = Dog('Pity', 98)
dog.run()

print getattr(dog, 'name')

print getattr(dog, 'run')

print getattr(dog, 'd')

2.hasattr()

• hasattr(object, name)?

• The arguments are an object and a string.  The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not. (This is implemented by calling getattr(object, name) and seeing whether it raises an exception or not.)

  參數是對象和字符串，如果字符串是對象中的，返回True,否則返回False
  

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class Animal(object):
    def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
    def run(self):
        print 'Animal is run'

class Dog(Animal):
    def run(self):
        print 'Dog is run'

dog = Dog('Pity', 98)

print hasattr(dog, 'color')

3.setattr()

• setattr(object, name, value)?

• This is the counterpart of getattr().  The arguments are an object, a string and an arbitrary value.  The string may name an existing attribute or a new attribute.  The function assigns the value to the attribute, provided the object allows it.  For example, setattr(x, 'foobar', 123) is equivalent tox.foobar = 123.

  設置屬性變量
  

      #!/usr/bin/env python3
     # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

    class Animal(object):
           def __init__(self, name, score):
               self.name = name
               self.score = score
          def run(self):
               print 'Animal is run'

    class Dog(Animal):
         def run(self):
               print 'Dog is run'

   dog = Dog('Pity', 98)

  setattr(dog, 'color', '0xff00ff')
  print dog.color