python如何爬取某網站原圖作為壁紙

這篇文章主要介紹python如何爬取某網站原圖作為壁紙，文中介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！

完整代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed May 26 17:53:13 2021

@author: 19088
"""
import urllib.request
import os
import pickle
import re
import random
import sys


#獲取http代理
class getHttpAgents:
    #初始化函數
    def __init__(self):
        self.attArray=self.__loadAgentList()
        self.myagent=""
    
    #注意 返回對象未進行解碼
    def openUrl(self,url,istry=1):
        response=""
        ip=""
        if(0 != len(self.myagent.strip())):
            ip=self.myagent
        i=1
        if not istry:
            i=99
        while i<100:
            try:
                #print(self.attArray)
                if(0 == len(self.attArray) and 0==len(ip.strip())):
                    req=urllib.request.Request(url)
                    #設置訪問頭
                    req.add_header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36")
                    response=urllib.request.urlopen(req)
                else:
                    if(0 != len(self.attArray)):
                        ip=random.choice(self.attArray)
                    if(0 != len(self.myagent.strip())):
                        ip=self.myagent
                    print("以{}訪問 {}".format(ip,url))
                    #設置代理
                    proxy={"http":ip}
                    #print(proxy)
                    #定義一個代理字段
                    proxy_support=urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy)

                    #建立一個opener
                    opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
                    opener.addheaders=[("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36")]
                    #urllib.request.install_opener(opener)   
                    #獲得網頁對象
                    response=opener.open(url)
            except:
                if not istry:
                    print("{} 無法使用".format(ip))
                else:
                    print("第{}次嘗試連接！".format(i))
            else:
                break;
            finally:
                i+=1
        if 11==i and istry:
            raise ValueError
        if not response:
            return 
        html=response.read()
        #print(html)
        return html

    #檢查代理池 去除掉不可用代理ip
    def checkMyIpPool(self):
        agentsResult=[]
        agentList=self.attArray
        for iter in agentList:
            ip=iter
            self.setMyIp(ip)
            b=self.__getMyIp()
            if not b:
                #代理不能用
                #agentList.pop(-iter)
                pass
            else:
                agentsResult.append(ip)
                #print(b)
        #記錄爬取過的可以使用的代理ip
        self.__writeAgentList(agentsResult)
        self.__setAgents(agentsResult)
        self.setMyIp("")
    
    #解析讀取網頁中所有的代理地址
    def getAgents(self,html):
        #print(html)
        #匹配 ip地址 正則表達式
        pattern = re.compile(r'(<td>)\s*((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)\s*</td>')
        ipList=[]
        ip=pattern.finditer(html)
        for ipiter in ip:
            ipText=ipiter.group()
            ipGroup=re.search(r"((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)", ipText)
            ipList.append(ipGroup.group())

        #匹配 端口地址 正則表達式
        portList=[]
        pattern = re.compile(r'(<td>)\s*\d+\s*</td>')
        port = pattern.finditer(html) 
        for portiter in port:
            portText=portiter.group()
            portGroup=re.search(r"\d+", portText)
            portList.append(portGroup.group())

        if(len(ipList) is not len(portList)):
            print("注意: ip和端口參數不匹配!")
            return
        ipDict=dict(zip(ipList,portList))

        agentList=[]
        for key in ipDict:
            agentList.append(key+":"+ipDict.get(key))  
        agentsResult=[]
        for iter in agentList:
            ip=iter
            self.setMyIp(ip)
            b=self.__getMyIp()
            if not b:
                #代理不能用
                pass
                #agentList.pop(-iter)
            else :
                agentsResult.append(ip)
                self.__setAgents(agentsResult)
                print("{} 可以使用".format(ip))
        agentsResult.extend(self.attArray)  
        #記錄爬取過的可以使用的代理ip
        if(0==len(agentsResult)):
            return
        self.__writeAgentList(agentsResult)
        self.__setAgents(agentsResult)
        self.setMyIp("")
        return agentList

    
    def __setAgents(self,ipArray):
        self.attArray=ipArray
    def setMyIp(self,ip):
        self.myagent=ip
    #存儲爬取過的ip代理
    def __writeAgentList(self, agentList): 
        if os.path.exists("agent.pkl"):
            os.remove("agent.pkl")          #每次重新生成 要不多次 dump需要多次 load
        with open("agent.pkl.","wb") as f:
            pickle.dump(agentList, f)
        print("存儲{}條代理".format(len(agentList)))
    
    #加載之前存儲過的ip代理
    def __loadAgentList(self):
        agentlist=[]
        if not os.path.exists("agent.pkl"):
            return agentlist
        with open("agent.pkl","rb") as f:
            agentlist=pickle.load(f)
            print("加載{}條代理".format(len(agentlist)))
            return agentlist

    #獲取當前使用的ip地址 類的內部方法 僅供內部調用
    def __getMyIp(self,ip=""):
        url="https://www.baidu.com/"
        html=""
        try:
            html=self.openUrl(url,0).decode("utf-8")
        except:
            return 
        #匹配ip地址
        #pattern = re.compile(r'((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]\d\d|\d\d|\d)')
        #groupIp=pattern.search(html)
        #if groupIp:
            #return groupIp.group()
        else:
            return html
    
    #通過不同的網站去爬取代理
    def crawlingAgents(self,index):
        try:
            url ="http://ip.yqie.com/ipproxy.htm"
            print(url)
            html=self.openUrl(url) 
            html=html.decode("utf-8") 
            self.setMyIp("")                                                #不指定ip 隨機挑選一個作為代理
            self.getAgents(html)
        except Exception as e:
            print("{} 爬取失敗".format(url))
        
        #一共搜集多少頁
        page=index
        
        indexCur=1
        while indexCur<=page:
            try:
                url=r"https://www.89ip.cn/index_{}.html".format(indexCur)
                print(url)
                self.setMyIp("") 
                html=self.openUrl(url)                                               #不指定ip 隨機挑選一個作為代理
                html=html.decode("utf-8")
                self.getAgents(html)
            except Exception as e:
                print("{} 爬取失敗".format(url))
            finally:
                indexCur+=1
        
        indexCur=1
        while indexCur<=page:
            try:
                url=r"http://www.66ip.cn/{}.html".format(indexCur)
                print(url)
                self.setMyIp("") 
                html=a.openUrl(url)                                               #不指定ip 隨機挑選一個作為代理
                html=html.decode("gb2312")
                self.getAgents(html)
            except Exception as e:
                print("{} 爬取失敗".format(url))
            finally:
                indexCur+=1                                  

        indexCur=1
        while indexCur<=page:
            try:
                url=r"http://www.ip3366.net/?stype=1&page={}".format(indexCur)
                print(url)
                self.setMyIp("") 
                html=a.openUrl(url)                                               #不指定ip 隨機挑選一個作為代理
                html=html.decode("gb2312")
                self.getAgents(html)
            except Exception as e:
                print("{} 爬取失敗".format(url))
            finally:
                indexCur+=1  

        indexCur=1
        while indexCur<=page:
            try:
                url=r"http://www.kxdaili.com/dailiip/1/{}.html".format(indexCur)
                print(url)
                self.setMyIp("") 
                html=a.openUrl(url)                                               #不指定ip 隨機挑選一個作為代理
                html=html.decode("utf-8")
                self.getAgents(html)
            except Exception as e:
                print("{} 爬取失敗".format(url))
            finally:
                indexCur+=1


#下載圖片封裝類
class downLoadPictures:
    #構造函數
    def __init__(self):
        self.sortKey={}                                 #定義一個搜索關鍵字的字典
        self.urlLoad=getHttpAgents()
        self.bzmenuDict={}                              #分類信息 風景 美女 什么的分類
        self.sortscreenDict={}                          #按照屏幕尺寸分類
        self.littleSignDict={}                          #分類信息下面的小分類
        pass
    
    
    def getPictures(self,url):
        #第一步 打開網頁 讀取page信息 
        pagerHtml=self.urlLoad.openUrl(url)
        #第二步 獲取 pageFolder 鏈接和各種分類信息 返回的是一堆folder鏈接的url
        folderPictursUrl=self.readPages(pagerHtml).values()
        if not folderPictursUrl:
            print("獲取圖片集失敗!")
            return
        for floderiterUrl in folderPictursUrl:
            folderUrl=str("https://www.ivsky.com/")+floderiterUrl
            folderHtml=self.urlLoad.openUrl(folderUrl)
            #第三步 讀取圖片集 獲取單個圖片的鏈接地址 返回的是圖片集里面的一堆文件url
            pictursUrlDict=self.readFolders(folderHtml)
            for iterPictureKey in pictursUrlDict:
                fileName=iterPictureKey+".jpg"
                pictureUrl=str("https://www.ivsky.com/")+pictursUrlDict.get(iterPictureKey)
                
                #讀取圖片頁相關信息
                pictureHtml=self.urlLoad.openUrl(pictureUrl)
                picturDownUrl=self.readPictures(pictureHtml)
                pictureDownHtml=self.urlLoad.openUrl(picturDownUrl)
                if not pictureDownHtml:
                    continue
                #保存圖片
                with open(fileName,"wb+") as f:
                    f.write(pictureDownHtml)
        
    
    #提取匹配內容中的所有鏈接地址
    def getHrefMap(self,html,isPicture=0,isFolder=0):
        hrefDict={}
        pattern=re.compile(r'<a\s*.*?\s*</a>',re.I)
        if isPicture:
            pattern=re.compile(r'<p>\s*?<a\s*.*?</p>',re.I)
        hrefIter=pattern.finditer(html)
        index=0
        for iter in hrefIter:
            hrefText=iter.group()
            #匹配分類名字
            pattern=re.compile(r'"\s*?>\s*?.*?</a>',re.I)
            name=""
            nameGroup=pattern.search(hrefText)
            if nameGroup:
                name=nameGroup.group()
                if(5==len(nameGroup.group().replace(" ", ""))):
                    pattern=re.compile(r'title=".*?"',re.I)
                    nameGroup=pattern.search(hrefText)
                    if nameGroup:
                        name=nameGroup.group()[7:-1]
                name=name[2:-4].replace(" ", '')
            #匹配href
            pattern=re.compile(r'href=".*?" rel="external nofollow" ',re.I)
            url=""
            urlGroup=pattern.search(hrefText)
            if urlGroup:
                url=urlGroup.group()[6:-1].replace(" ", '')
            if isFolder:
                index+=1
                name+="_"+str(index)
            hrefDict[name]=url
        return hrefDict
     #讀取首頁信息 包含各種分類的鏈接地址 以及圖片集的地址集合   
    def readPages(self,html):
        html=html.decode("utf-8")
        #檢索壁紙分類
        #匹配 壁紙分類信息
        pattern=re.compile(r'<ul\s*class="bzmenu".*?</ul>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            self.bzmenuDict=self.getHrefMap(sortMessage)
            #print(self.bzmenuDict)
        else:
            print("匹配壁紙分類出錯!")
            return
        
         #匹配 按照屏幕大小分類
        pattern=re.compile(r'<ul\s*class="sall_dd".*?</ul>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            self.sortscreenDict=self.getHrefMap(sortMessage)
            #print(self.sortscreenDict)
        else:
            print("匹配屏幕尺寸分類失敗!")
            return       
       
         #匹配 獲取小分類
        pattern=re.compile(r'<div\s*class="sline".*?</div>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            #print(sortMessage)
            self.littleSignDict=self.getHrefMap(sortMessage)
            #print(self.littleSignDict)
        else:
            print("匹配小分類失敗")
            return               
        
        pictureDict={}
        #匹配 圖片集地址
        pattern=re.compile(r'<ul\s*class="ali".*?</ul>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            pictureDict=self.getHrefMap(sortMessage,1)
            #print(pictureDict)
        else:
            print("匹配圖片集地址失敗!")
            return         
        #print(html)
        return pictureDict
    
    #解析每個圖片集合對應的圖片集內容 解析出單個圖片的鏈接地址
    def readFolders(self,html):
        if not html:
            return
        html=html.decode("utf-8")
        
        #獲取圖片集里面每個圖片的具體地址和名稱
         #匹配 獲取小分類
        pattern=re.compile(r'<ul\s*class="pli".*?</ul>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        pictureUrlDict={}
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            #print(sortMessage)
            pictureUrlDict=self.getHrefMap(sortMessage,1,1)
            #print(pictureUrlDict)
        else:
            print("匹配小分類失敗")
            return                            
        return pictureUrlDict
    
    #解析每個圖片集合對應的圖片集內容 解析出單個圖片的鏈接地址
    def readPictures(self,html):
        if not html:
            return        
        html=html.decode("utf-8")
        #獲取圖片集里面每個圖片的具體地址和名稱
         #匹配 獲取小分類
        pattern=re.compile(r'<div\s*class="pic".*?</div>',re.I)
        sortClassGroup=pattern.search(html)
        pictureUrl=""
        if sortClassGroup:
            sortMessage=sortClassGroup.group()
            #匹配href
            pattern=re.compile(u"src='.*?'",re.I)
            url=""
            urlGroup=pattern.search(sortMessage)
            if urlGroup:
                url=urlGroup.group()[5:-1].replace(" ", '')            
            url=url.replace('img-pre', 'img-picdown')
            url=url.replace('pre', 'pic')
            url=str("https:")+url
            #print(sortMessage)
            pictureUrlDict=url
            #print(url)
        else:
            print("匹配小分類失敗")
            return                            
        return pictureUrlDict        
        

class UrlUser:
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.agent=getHttpAgents()
        self.downPicture=downLoadPictures()   
    
    #下載圖片調用函數
    def downPictures(self):

        #url="https://www.ivsky.com/bizhi"
        #b.getPictures(url)
        #確定保存路徑      
        dirPath=input("請輸入保存路徑:")
        if not os.path.exists(dirPath):
            os.mkdir(dirPath)
        if not os.path.isdir(dirPath):
            print("savePath is wrong!")
            sys.exit()
        os.chdir(dirPath)                                       #切換工作目錄 
        #url=r"https://www.ivsky.com/bizhi/nvxing_1920x1080/index_{}.html"
        page=input("爬取前多少頁的圖片?\n")
        indexRe = re.search(r"\d+", page)
        if(not indexRe):
            print("輸入頁數有誤!")
        indexRe=int(indexRe.group())
        indexCur=1
        while indexCur<=indexRe:
            try:
                #注意 爬取什么類型的圖片可以根據不同的網址進行設計 下載類里面已經讀取了所有分類對應的地址 有興趣可以自己完善
                url=r"https://www.ivsky.com/bizhi/nvxing_1920x1080/index_{}.html".format(indexCur)
                print(url)
                self.downPicture.getPictures(url)
            except:
                print("打開出錯!")
                pass
            finally:
                indexCur+=1

    #爬取代理
    def downAgents(self):
        page=input("爬取前多少頁的代理?\n")
        indexRe = re.search(r"\d+", page)
        if(not indexRe):
            print("輸入頁數有誤!")
            return
        indexRe=int(indexRe.group())    
        self.agent.crawlingAgents(indexRe)
    
    # 檢查當前代理池是否可以
    def checkPool(self):
        self.agent.checkMyIpPool() 
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("*"*20)
    print("1.爬取代理\n")
    print("2.檢查代理\n")
    print("3.爬取圖片")   
    print("*"*20)
    mode=input("請輸入數字選擇處理模式:\n")
    indexRe = re.search(r"\d+", mode)
    if(not indexRe):
        print("輸入頁數有誤!")
        sys.exit()
    indexRe=int(indexRe.group())
    #實例化一個對象
    uesrObj=UrlUser()
    
    if 1 == indexRe:
        uesrObj.downAgents()
    elif 2 == indexRe:
        uesrObj.checkPool()
    elif 3 == indexRe:
        uesrObj.downPictures()
    else:
        print("模式選擇錯誤!")
        sys.exit()
    print("爬取完畢！")

效果圖

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