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目錄
ver1：... 1
ver2，路由字典實現... 2
ver3，將路由功能封裝成類：... 4
ver4，404處理，webob.exc異常：... 5
ver5，注冊函數改造：... 7
路由正則匹配：... 10
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web框架開發：
route路由：
簡單說，就是路怎么走，按不同的路徑分發數據；
url就是不同資源的路徑，不同的路徑應對應不同的應用程序來處理；
所以，代碼中應增加對路徑的分析處理；
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不管是靜態web服務器，還是動態web服務器，都需要路徑和資源（或處理程序）的映射，最終返回html的文本；
靜態web server，解決路徑和文件之間的映射；
動態web server，解決路徑和應用程序之間的映射；
所有的web框架都是如此，都有路徑配置；
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路由功能實現：
例：
增加路由：
/?? #返回歡迎內容
/python?? #返回hello python
其它?? #404
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例：
@dec.wsgify
def app(request):
??? res = Response()
??? if request.path == '/':
??????? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? elif request.path == '/python':
??????? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? else:
??????? res.status_code = 404
??????? res.body = 'Not Found'.encode()
??? return res
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例：
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def notfound(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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@dec.wsgify
def app(request):
??? if request.path == '/':
??????? return index(request)
??? elif request.path == '/python':
??????? return showpython(request)
??? else:
??????? return notfound(request)
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例：
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def notfound(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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route_table = {
??? '/': index,
??? '/python': showpython
}
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@dec.wsgify
def app(request):
??? return route_table.get(request.path, notfound)(request)
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例：
增加注冊功能；
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def notfound(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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route_table = {}
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def register(path, handler):
??? route_table[path] = handler
???
register('/', index)
register('/python', showpython)
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@dec.wsgify
def app(request):
??? return route_table.get(request.path, notfound)(request)
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思考如何把哪些函數放到外面；
好處，封裝在類里的，隨著類中代碼越來越多，方便之后移走，模塊化；
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例：
from webob import Request, Response, dec
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
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def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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class Application:
??? def notfound(self, request):
??????? res = Response()
??????? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??????? return res
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??? ROUTE_TABLE = {}?? #類屬性
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??? @classmethod?? #類方法和普通方法都可，最好用類方法
??? def register(cls, path, handler):
??????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE[path] = handler
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? return self.ROUTE_TABLE.get(request.path, self.notfound)(request)
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Application.register('/', index)
Application.register('/python', showpython)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
??? ip = '127.0.0.1'
??? port = 9999
??? app = Application()
??? # app.register('/', index)?? #實例也可注冊，但這樣不好
??? # app.register('/python', showpython)
??? server = make_server(ip, port, app)
??? try:
??????? server.serve_forever()
??? except KeyboardInterrupt:
??????? pass
??? finally:
??????? server.shutdown()
??????? server.server_close()
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查看源碼：
class HTTPNotFound(HTTPClientError):?? #繼承順序HTTPClientError-->HTTPError-->WSGIHTTPException-->Response
??? code = 404
??? title = 'Not Found'
??? explanation = ('The resource could not be found.')
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注：
code、title、explanation，頁面展示先是這三個，再是自定義的body內容；
若要覆蓋body，要在Response的__init__()中設置；
class Response(object):
??? def __init__(self, body=None, status=None, headerlist=None, app_iter=None,
???????????????? content_type=None, conditional_response=None, charset=_marker,
???????????????? **kw):
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例：
class Application:
??? # def notfound(self, request):
??? #???? res = Response()
??? #???? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??? #???? return res
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??? ROUTE_TABLE = {}
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??? @classmethod
??? def register(cls, path, handler):
??????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE[path] = handler
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? try:
??????????? return self.ROUTE_TABLE[request.path](request)
??????? except:
??????????? # return self.notfound(request)
??????????? raise exc.HTTPNotFound('您訪問的頁面被外星人劫持了')?? #所有異常都拋404，即便是內部定義的函數有問題也這樣，沒必要拋5XX之類的錯誤，防止別人拿到相關信息反推服務器版本之類的，b端不能看到服務器這邊的異常
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例：
class MyHTTPNotFound(exc.HTTPNotFound):
??? code = 404
??? title = 'nimei'
??? explanation = 'nimeide'
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class Application:
??? # def notfound(self, request):
??? #???? res = Response()
??? #???? res.body = '<h2>Not Found</h2>'.encode()
??? #???? return res
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??? ROUTE_TABLE = {}
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??? @classmethod
??? def register(cls, path, handler):
??????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE[path] = handler
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? try:
????? ??????return self.ROUTE_TABLE[request.path](request)
??????? except:
??????????? # return self.notfound(request)
??????????? # raise exc.MyHTTPNotFound('您訪問的頁面被外星人劫持了')
??????????? raise MyHTTPNotFound()
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到此步，一個框架的雛形基本完成；
Application()是wsgi app，這個應用程序已變成了一個路由程序，處理邏輯已移到外面，外面的這部分就是留給程序員要完成的；
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例：
from webob import Request, Response, dec, exc
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
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class MyHTTPNotFound(exc.HTTPNotFound):
??? code = 404
??? title = 'nimei'
??? explanation = 'nimeide'
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class Application:
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??? ROUTE_TABLE = {}
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??? @classmethod
??? def register(cls, path):
??????? def wrapper(handler):
??????????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE[path] = handler
??????????? return handler
??????? return wrapper
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? try:
??????????? return self.ROUTE_TABLE[request.path](request)
??????? except:
??????????? # raise exc.MyHTTPNotFound('您訪問的頁面被外星人劫持了')
??????????? raise MyHTTPNotFound()
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# Application.register('/', index)
# Application.register('/python', showpython)
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@Application.register('/')
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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@Application.register('/python')
def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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if __name__ == '__main__':
??? ip = '127.0.0.1'
??? port = 9999
??? app = Application()
??? # app.register('/', index)
??? # app.register('/python', showpython)
??? server = make_server(ip, port, app)
??? try:
??????? server.serve_forever()
??? except KeyboardInterrupt:
??????? pass
??? finally:
??????? server.shutdown()
??????? server.server_close()
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例，簡潔代碼：
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from webob import Request, Response, dec, exc
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class Application:
??? ROUTE_TABLE = {}
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??? @classmethod
??? def register(cls, path):
??????? def wrapper(handler):
??????????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE[path] = handler
??????????? return handler
??????? return wrapper
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? try:
??????????? return self.ROUTE_TABLE[request.path](request)
??????? except:
??????????? raise exc.HTTPNotFound()
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@Application.register('/')
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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@Application.register('/python')
def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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if __name__ == '__main__':
??? ip = '127.0.0.1'
??? port = 9999
??? server = make_server(ip, port, Application())
??? try:
??????? server.serve_forever()
??? except:
??????? pass
??? finally:
??????? server.shutdown()
??????? server.server_close()
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以上的路由實現，非常死板，用re改造；
注冊的時候，存入不再是路徑字符串，而是pattern；
__call__()實現模式和傳入路徑的比較；
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注：
httpd編譯安裝前要裝pcre；
nginx自身已打包好相關的正則，所以不依賴第三方庫；
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regex=re.compile(r'PATTERN')?? #編譯正則表達式；url只一行單選模式即可
regex.match(STRING)?? #必須從頭開始匹配，只匹配一次
regex.search(STRING)?? #只匹配一次
regex.fullmatch(STRING)?? #完全匹配
regex.findall(STRING)?? #從頭開始找，找到所有匹配
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py中分組捕獲：
/(?P<biz>.*)/(?P<url>.*)?? #貪婪
/(?P<biz>.*?)/(?P<url>.*?)?? #非貪婪
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例：
@Application.register('/python$')?? #只匹配/python
@Application.register('^/$')?? #只匹配根，放最后匹配
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例：
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from webob import Request, Response, dec, exc
import re
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class Application:
??? # ROUTE_TABLE = {}
??? ROUTE_TABLE = []?? #[(re.compile(pattern), handler)]，二元組列表；此處用列表或有序字典；用dict不合適，key是路徑模式，不能保證其順序，匹配的時候應是有序的
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??? @classmethod
??? def register(cls, pattern):
??????? def wrapper(handler):
??????????? cls.ROUTE_TABLE.append((re.compile(pattern), handler))?? #注冊的時候編譯正則表達式
??????????? return handler
??????? return wrapper
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??? @dec.wsgify
??? def __call__(self, request:Request) -> Response:
??????? for regex, handler in self.ROUTE_TABLE:
???? ???????matcher = regex.search(request.path)?? #match()、search()均可
??????????? if matcher:
??????????????? return handler(request)
??????? raise exc.HTTPNotFound()
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@Application.register('^/python$')?? #有匹配的順序，根放到最后；showpython=Application.register('^/python$')(showpython)
def showpython(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>hello python</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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@Application.register('^/$')
def index(request):
??? res = Response()
??? res.body = '<h2>welcome</h2>'.encode()
??? return res
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if __name__ == '__main__':
??? ip = '127.0.0.1'
??? port = 9999
??? server = make_server(ip, port, Application())
??? try:
??????? server.serve_forever()
??? except:
??????? pass
??? finally:
??????? server.shutdown()
??????? server.server_close()
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