您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
今天就跟大家聊聊有關urllib庫如何在python中使用,可能很多人都不太了解,為了讓大家更加了解,小編給大家總結了以下內容,希望大家根據這篇文章可以有所收獲。
python2
import urllib2
response = urllib2.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/robots.txt')
python3
import urllib.request
res = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/robots.txt')
urllib.request.urlopen(url, data=None, [timeout, ]*, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None)
urlopen()方法中的url參數可以是字符串,也可以是一個Request對象
#url可以是字符串 import urllib.request resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com') print(resp.read().decode('utf-8')) # read()獲取響應體的內容,內容是bytes字節流,需要轉換成字符串
##url可以也是Request對象 import urllib.request request = urllib.request.Request('http://httpbin.org') response = urllib.request.urlopen(request) print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
# coding:utf8 import urllib.request, urllib.parse data = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word': 'hello'}), encoding='utf8') resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data) print(resp.read())
# coding:utf8 #設置請求超時時間 import urllib.request resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get', timeout=0.1) print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))
# coding:utf8 #響應類型 import urllib.request resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get') print(type(resp))
# coding:utf8 #響應的狀態碼、響應頭 import urllib.request resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com') print(resp.status) print(resp.getheaders()) # 數組(元組列表) print(resp.getheader('Server')) # "Server"大小寫不區分
200
[('Bdpagetype', '1'), ('Bdqid', '0xa6d873bb003836ce'), ('Cache-Control', 'private'), ('Content-Type', 'text/html'), ('Cxy_all', 'baidu+b8704ff7c06fb8466a83df26d7f0ad23'), ('Date', 'Sun, 21 Apr 2019 15:18:24 GMT'), ('Expires', 'Sun, 21 Apr 2019 15:18:03 GMT'), ('P3p', 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "'), ('Server', 'BWS/1.1'), ('Set-Cookie', 'BAIDUID=8C61C3A67C1281B5952199E456EEC61E:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('Set-Cookie', 'BIDUPSID=8C61C3A67C1281B5952199E456EEC61E; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('Set-Cookie', 'PSTM=1555859904; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('Set-Cookie', 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('Set-Cookie', 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/'), ('Set-Cookie', 'BD_HOME=0; path=/'), ('Set-Cookie', 'H_PS_PSSID=1452_28777_21078_28775_28722_28557_28838_28584_28604; path=/; domain=.baidu.com'), ('Vary', 'Accept-Encoding'), ('X-Ua-Compatible', 'IE=Edge,chrome=1'), ('Connection', 'close'), ('Transfer-Encoding', 'chunked')]
BWS/1.1
# coding:utf8 proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'}) proxy_auth_handler = urllib.request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler() proxy_auth_handler.add_password('realm', 'host', 'username', 'password') opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, proxy_auth_handler) # This time, rather than install the OpenerDirector, we use it directly: resp = opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html') print(resp.read())
# coding:utf8 from urllib import error, request try: resp = request.urlopen('http://www.blueflags.cn') except error.URLError as e: print(e.reason)
# coding:utf8 from urllib import error, request try: resp = request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com') except error.HTTPError as e: print(e.reason, e.code, e.headers, sep='\n') except error.URLError as e: print(e.reason) else: print('request successfully')
# coding:utf8 import socket, urllib.request, urllib.error try: resp = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.baidu.com', timeout=0.01) except urllib.error.URLError as e: print(type(e.reason)) if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout): print('time out')
# coding:utf8 from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' headers = { 'Host': 'httpbin.org', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36' } dict = {'name': 'Germey'} data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8') req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, headers=headers, method='POST') resp = request.urlopen(req) print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))
{ "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "name": "Thanlon" }, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "identity", "Content-Length": "12", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36" }, "json": null, "origin": "117.136.78.194, 117.136.78.194", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post" }
# coding:utf8 from urllib import request, parse url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' dict = {'name': 'Thanlon'} data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict), encoding='utf8') req = request.Request(url=url, data=data, method='POST') req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.109 Safari/537.36') resp = request.urlopen(req) print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urlparse result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=1#comment') print(type(result)) print(result)
<class 'urllib.parse.ParseResult'>
ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.baidu.com', path='/index.html', params='user', query='id=1', fragment='comment')
from urllib.parse import urlparse result = urlparse('www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=1#comment', scheme='https') print(type(result)) print(result)
<class 'urllib.parse.ParseResult'>
ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='', path='www.baidu.com/index.html', params='user', query='id=1', fragment='comment')
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urlparse result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=1#comment', scheme='https') print(result)
ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.baidu.com', path='/index.html', params='user', query='id=1', fragment='comment')
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urlparse result = urlparse('http://www.baidu.com/index.html;user?id=1#comment',allow_fragments=False) print(result)
ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.baidu.com', path='/index.html', params='user', query='id=1', fragment='comment')
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urlunparse data = ['http', 'www.baidu.com', 'index.html', 'user', 'name=Thanlon', 'comment'] print(urlunparse(data))
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urljoin print(urljoin('http://www.bai.com', 'index.html')) print(urljoin('http://www.baicu.com', 'https://www.thanlon.cn/index.html'))#以后面為基準
# coding:utf8 from urllib.parse import urlencode params = { 'name': 'Thanlon', 'age': 22 } baseUrl = 'http://www.thanlon.cn?' url = baseUrl + urlencode(params) print(url)
# coding:utf8 #cookie的獲取(保持登錄會話信息) import urllib.request, http.cookiejar cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar() handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) res = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') for item in cookie: print(item.name + '=' + item.value)
# coding:utf8 #將cookie保存為cookie.txt import http.cookiejar, urllib.request filename = 'cookie.txt' cookie = http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(filename) handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) res = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
# coding:utf8 import http.cookiejar, urllib.request filename = 'cookie.txt' cookie = http.cookiejar.LWPCookieJar(filename) handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) res = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') cookie.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
# coding:utf8 import http.cookiejar, urllib.request cookie = http.cookiejar.LWPCookieJar() cookie.load('cookie.txt', ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True) handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) resp = opener.open('http://www.baidu.com') print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))
看完上述內容,你們對urllib庫如何在python中使用有進一步的了解嗎?如果還想了解更多知識或者相關內容,請關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝大家的支持。
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。