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如何在CentOS中安裝配置和使用PostgreSQL?針對這個問題,今天小編總結這篇有關PostgreSQL的文章,可供感興趣的小伙伴們參考借鑒,希望對大家有所幫助。
1、環境
操作系統版本:CentOS Linux release 8.0.1905 (Core)
PostgreSQL版本:10.6
主機:
test1 192.168.1.11
test2 192.168.1.12
test3 192.168.1.13
2、在3臺機器安裝并初始化PostgreSQL
[root@test1 ~]# yum install postgresql-server -y
[root@test1 ~]# postgresql-setup initdb
WARNING: using obsoleted argument syntax, try --help
WARNING: arguments transformed to: postgresql-setup --initdb --unit postgresql
* Initializing database in '/var/lib/pgsql/data'
* Initialized, logs are in /var/lib/pgsql/initdb_postgresql.log
3、主庫配置
編輯主庫配置文件
[root@test1 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '192.168.1.11'
wal_log_hints = on
archive_mode = on
archive_command = 'cp %p /var/lib/pgsql/pg_archive/%f'
配置認證文件
[root@test1 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
#追加三行
host replication replica 192.168.1.11/32 md5
host replication replica 192.168.1.12/32 md5
host replication replica 192.168.1.13/32 md5
創建pg_archive目錄
[root@test1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/pgsql/pg_archive
[root@test1 ~]# chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/pg_archive
配置recovery.conf
[root@test1 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.bak
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.1.11 port=5432 user=replica password=replica'
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
[root@test1 ~]# chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.bak
新建pgpass文件
[postgres@test1 ~]$ vim ~/.pgpass
192.168.1.11:5432:replication:replica:replica
192.168.1.12:5432:replication:replica:replica
192.168.1.13:5432:replication:replica:replica
[root@test1 ~]# chown 600 /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass
啟動數據庫,關閉服務
[root@test1 ~]# systemctl start postgresql
[root@test1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
創建同步用戶
[root@test3 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@test3 ~]$ psql
psql (10.6)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# create role replica login replication encrypted password 'replica';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@test1 ~]$
4、配置兩臺從庫
從主庫復制備份過來
[root@test2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/pgsql/data/*
[root@test2 ~]# pg_basebackup -h 192.168.1.11 -p 5432 -U replica -F p -P -D /var/lib/pgsql/data/
Password: replica
22797/22797 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace
[root@test2 ~]# chown postgres:postgres -R /var/lib/pgsql/data
重命名recovery配置文件
[root@test2 ~]# mv /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.bak /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
新建pgpass文件
[root@test2 ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@test2 ~]$ vim ~/.pgpass
192.168.1.11:5432:replication:replica:replica
192.168.1.12:5432:replication:replica:replica
192.168.1.13:5432:replication:replica:replica
[root@test2 ~]# chown 600 /var/lib/pgsql/.pgpass
創建pg_archive目錄
[root@test2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/pgsql/pg_archive
[root@test2 ~]# chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/pg_archive
修改監聽ip地址,并啟動服務
[root@test2 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '192.168.1.12'
[root@test2 ~]# systemctl start postgresql
[root@test2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
在test3重復做一次
5、測試主從同步狀態
在主庫查看同步節點
[postgres@test1 ~]$ psql
psql (10.6)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# select * from pg_stat_replication;
創建測試庫,然后檢查兩個從庫是否同步
在主庫操作
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE test_db;
CREATE DATABASE
查看從庫
test2同步了
test3同步了
搭建完成
6、主從切換
模擬主庫故障,切換至從庫,然后把原來的主庫設置為從庫
查看同步狀態
主庫在in production狀態
[root@test1 ~]# pg_controldata /var/lib/pgsql/data/
pg_control version number: 1002
Catalog version number: 201707211
Database system identifier: 6782563721072319907
Database cluster state: in production
pg_control last modified: Fri 17 Jan 2020 10:39:41 PM CST
test2從庫在in archive recovery
[root@test2 ~]# pg_controldata /var/lib/pgsql/data/
pg_control version number: 1002
Catalog version number: 201707211
Database system identifier: 6782563721072319907
Database cluster state: in archive recovery
pg_control last modified: Fri 17 Jan 2020 10:39:44 PM CST
test3從庫在in archive recovery
[root@test3 ~]# pg_controldata /var/lib/pgsql/data/
pg_control version number: 1002
Catalog version number: 201707211
Database system identifier: 6782563721072319907
Database cluster state: in archive recovery
pg_control last modified: Fri 17 Jan 2020 10:39:47 PM CST
模擬主庫故障
[root@test1 ~]# systemctl stop postgresql.service
把test2提升為主庫,查看test2狀態,這是test2變成主庫了,可以寫了
[root@test2 ~]# su - postgres -c "pg_ctl promote"
waiting for server to promote.... done
server promoted
[root@test2 ~]# pg_controldata /var/lib/pgsql/data/
pg_control version number: 1002
Catalog version number: 201707211
Database system identifier: 6782563721072319907
Database cluster state: in production
pg_control last modified: Fri 17 Jan 2020 10:48:12 PM CST
把test3指向新主庫,修改recovery里面的host,然后重啟
[root@test3 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.1.12 port=5432 user=replica password=replica'
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
[root@test3 ~]# systemctl restart postgresql.service
這時候test2就可以看到test3從庫連過來了
把test1舊主庫變成從庫,指向test2
[root@test1 ~]# mv /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.bak /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
[root@test1 ~]# vim /var/lib/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=192.168.1.12 port=5432 user=replica password=replica'
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
[root@test1 ~]# systemctl start postgresql.service
去test2查看節點,test1連接上來了
test1的狀態也變成in archive recovery了
[root@test1 ~]# pg_controldata /var/lib/pgsql/data/
pg_control version number: 1002
Catalog version number: 201707211
Database system identifier: 6782563721072319907
Database cluster state: in archive recovery
pg_control last modified: Fri 17 Jan 2020 10:54:51 PM CST
切換完成
以上就是在CentOS中安裝配置和使用PostgreSQL的介紹,內容較為全面,小編相信有部分知識點可能是我們日常工作可能會見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學到更多知識。
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