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這篇文章主要介紹Java開發工具之scala處理json格式利器的示例,文中介紹的非常詳細,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
從json4s的官方描述
At this moment there are at least 6 json libraries for scala, not counting the java json libraries. All these libraries have a very similar AST. This project aims to provide a single AST to be used by other scala json libraries.
At this moment the approach taken to working with the AST has been taken from lift-json and the native package is in fact lift-json but outside of the lift project.
在scala庫中,至少有6個json庫,并且不包括 java的json庫,這些庫都有著類似的抽象語法樹AST,json4s的目的就是為了使用簡單的一種語法支持這些json庫,因此說json4s可以說是一種json的規范處理,配合scala開發過程中極其簡介的語法特性,可以輕松地實現比如json合并,json的diff操作,可以方便地處理jsonArray的字符串,所以如果使用scala,那么json4s一定不能錯過,在實際場景下使用json處理數據很常見,比如spark開發中處理原始json數據等等,開始上手可能看起來比較復雜,但是用起來你會很爽。
json4s包括10個類型和一個type類型的對象,分別如下
case object JNothing extends JValue // 'zero' for JValue case object JNull extends JValue case class JString(s: String) extends JValue case class JDouble(num: Double) extends JValue case class JDecimal(num: BigDecimal) extends JValue case class JInt(num: BigInt) extends JValue case class JLong(num: Long) extends JValue case class JBool(value: Boolean) extends JValue case class JObject(obj: List[JField]) extends JValue case class JArray(arr: List[JValue]) extends JValue type JField = (String, JValue)
可以看到,他們都繼承自JValue,JValue是json4s里面類似于java的object地位,而JField是用來一次性匹配json的key,value對而準備的。
下面來看,我們如何來使用json4s
<dependency> <groupId>org.json4s</groupId> <artifactId>json4s-native_2.11</artifactId> <version>3.7.0-M6</version> </dependency>
看下面的代碼即可,注釋寫的比較清晰,一般來說json的使用無外乎是字符串到對象或者對象到字符串,而字符串到對象可以用case class 也可以用原始的比如上面提到的類
package com.hoult.scala.json4s import org.json4s._ import org.json4s.JsonDSL._ import org.json4s.native.JsonMethods._ object Demo1 { def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { //parse方法表示從字符串到json-object val person = parse( """ |{"name":"Toy","price":35.35} |""".stripMargin, useBigDecimalForDouble = true) // 1.模式匹配提取, \表示提取 val JString(name) = (person \ "name") println(name) // 2.extract[String]取值 // implicit val formats = org.json4s.Formats implicit val formats = DefaultFormats val name2 = (person \ "name").extract[String] val name3 = (person \ "name").extractOpt[String] val name4 = (person \ "name").extractOrElse("") // 3.多層嵌套取值 val parseJson: JValue = parse( """ |{"name":{"tome":"new"},"price":35.35} |""".stripMargin, useBigDecimalForDouble = true) //3.1 逐層訪問 val value = (parseJson \ "name" \ "tome").extract[String] //3.2 循環訪問 val value2 = (parseJson \\ "tome") println(value2) //4.嵌套json串解析 val json = parse( """ { "name": "joe", "children": [ { "name": "Mary", "age": 20 }, { "name": "Mazy", "age": 10 } ] } """) // println(json \ "children") //模式匹配 for (JArray(child) <- json) println(child) //提取object 下 某字段的值 val ages = for { JObject(child) <- json JField("age", JInt(age)) <- child } yield age println(ages) // 嵌套取數組中某個字段值,并添加過濾 val nameAges = for { JObject(child) <- json JField("name", JString(name)) <- child JField("age", JInt(age)) <- child if age > 10 } yield (name, age) println(nameAges) // 5.json和對象的轉換,[就是json數組] case class ClassA(a: Int, b: Int) val json2: String = """[{"a":1,"b":2},{"a":1,"b":2}]""" val bb: List[ClassA] = parse(json2).extract[List[ClassA]] println(bb) // 6.json轉對象,[json 非json數組,但是每個級別要明確] case class ClassC(a: Int, b: Int) case class ClassB(c: List[ClassC]) val json3: String = """{"c":[{"a":1,"b":2},{"a":1,"b":2}]}""" val cc: ClassB = parse(json3).extract[ClassB] println(cc) // 7.使用org.json4s產生json字符串 // import org.json4s.JsonDSL._ val json1 = List(1, 2, 3) val jsonMap = ("name" -> "joe") val jsonUnion = ("name" -> "joe") ~ ("age" -> 10) val jsonOpt = ("name" -> "joe") ~ ("age" -> Some(1)) val jsonOpt2 = ("name" -> "joe") ~ ("age" -> (None: Option[Int])) case class Winner(id: Long, numbers: List[Int]) case class Lotto(id: Long, winningNumbers: List[Int], winners: List[Winner], drawDate: Option[java.util.Date]) val winners = List(Winner(10, List(1, 2, 5)), Winner(11, List(1, 2, 0))) val lotto = Lotto(11, List(1, 2, 5), winners, None) val jsonCase = ("lotto" -> ("lotto-id" -> lotto.id) ~ ("winning-numbers" -> lotto.winningNumbers) ~ ("draw-date" -> lotto.drawDate.map(_.toString)) ~ ("winners" -> lotto.winners.map { w => (("winner-id" -> w.id) ~ ("numbers" -> w.numbers))})) println(compact(render(json1))) println(compact(render(jsonMap))) println(compact(render(jsonUnion))) println(compact(render(jsonOpt))) println(compact(render(jsonOpt2))) println(compact(render(jsonCase))) // 8.json格式化 println(pretty(render(jsonCase))) // 9.合并字符串 val lotto1 = parse("""{ "lotto":{ "lotto-id": 1, "winning-numbers":[7,8,9], "winners":[{ "winner-id": 1, "numbers":[7,8,9] }] } }""") val lotto2 = parse("""{ "lotto":{ "winners":[{ "winner-id": 2, "numbers":[1,23,5] }] } }""") val mergedLotto = lotto1 merge lotto2 // println(pretty(render(mergedLotto))) // 10.字符串尋找差異 val Diff(changed, added, deleted) = mergedLotto diff lotto1 println(changed) println(added) println(deleted) val json10 = parse( """ """) println("********8") println(json10) for (JObject(j) <- json10) println(j) println("********11") // 11.遍歷json,使用for // key1 values key1_vk1:v1 .... val str = "{\"tag_name\":\"t_transaction_again_day\",\"tag_distribute_json\":\"{\\\"1\\\":\\\"0.0011231395\\\",\\\"0\\\":\\\"0.9988768605\\\"}\"}" val valueJson = parse(str) \ "tag_distribute_json" println(valueJson) for { JString(obj) <- valueJson JObject(dlist) <- parse(obj) (key, JString(value))<- dlist } { println(key + "::" + value) // val kvList = for (JObject(key, value) <- parse(obj)) yield (key, value) // println("obj : " + kvList.mkString(",")) } } }
4.1 compact 和 render的使用
常用寫法compact(render(json))
,用來把一個json對象轉成字符串,并壓縮顯示,當然也可以用prety(render(json))
4.2 序列化時候需要一個隱式對象
例如下面的
implicit val formats = Serialization.formats(NoTypeHints)
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