MySQL5.6二進制包方式安裝流程講義

本文主要給大家介紹MySQL5.6二進制包方式安裝流程講義，希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識，如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續在億速云行業資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。 

MySQL基于二進制格式安裝的優點在于，它是針對特定平臺專門優化過的，安裝的時候也不需要考慮環境的要求，直接解壓就可以，本文基于MySQL5.6.38版本，下載地址為：
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
1，下載MySQL二進制包：

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /root/soft/ -pv
    [root@localhost ~]# cd soft/
    [root@localhost soft]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2，解壓到/usr/local下：

[root@localhost soft]# tar xf mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3，創建軟鏈接：

[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

4，創建mysql數據目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mydata -pv 

4，創建mysql用戶，mysql組，授權數據目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mydata mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mydata/

5，初始化數據庫：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper

這里出現一個報錯提示我有Perl模塊沒有裝，于是我照常安裝了perl-devel，perl等軟件包，再初始化數據發現還是報錯，搜索了下原來是perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7這個包，報錯的信息提示的很明顯，好吧，下次一定好好看報錯信息。解決方法也很簡單，直接yum install即可。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum list  perl-Data-Dumper
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
Available Packages
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64           
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install perl-Data-Dumper -y

再次執行：

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

又一個報錯出現，這個提示表明libaio這個模塊不存在，好，缺啥咱就裝啥。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install libaio -y

然后再執行mysql_install_db腳本初始化數據庫，這次沒有報錯，當看到OK字樣時，表示數據庫初始化完成。

6，設置mysql數據庫配置文件。這里要注意mysql5.6解壓目錄下的 support-files目錄中只有my-default.cnf這樣一個默認配置文件，而且里面基本沒有配置，多為注釋，這和mysql5.5的區別比較大，5.5的該目錄下會有  my-huge.cnf  my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf  my-large.cnf  my-medium.cnf  my-small.cnf 這樣的配置文件，可以根據自身云服務器的情況自行選擇。既然如此，就只能自己配置my.cnf了。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
#datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
datadir = /data/mydata/
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
pid-file = /data/mydata/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

#skip-networking
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535

log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id       = 1
expire_logs_days = 10

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 5M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

7，導出PATH環境變量：

[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

8，導出mysql頭文件到系統頭文件目錄：

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

9，輸出mysql庫文件到系統庫文件的路徑：

[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v

10，啟動mysqld服務：

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on 
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

這里要注意一下，/etc/init.d/mysqld這個腳本中有如下幾個地方要修改：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mydata/
mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mydata/mysql.pid

這時候mysql就已經啟動了：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.38-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> use mysql 
Database changed
mysql> delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select 'root', 'localhost'); #刪除多余的用戶
mysql> update user set password=password('QWER@@111') where user='root'; #修改root密碼
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,host,password from user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *16FF293CF039130E27DC275D8B47EBB0754FFE9F |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

至此，MySQL數據庫安裝完成。

看了以上關于MySQL5.6二進制包方式安裝流程講義，希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限，難免會有不足和需要補充的地方，如有需要更加專業的解答，可在官網聯系我們的24小時售前售后，隨時幫您解答問題的。