溫馨提示×
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
點擊 登錄注冊 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務條款》
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
Python使用ElementTree實現解析xml？相信很多沒有經驗的人對此束手無策，為此本文總結了問題出現的原因和解決方法，通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
以country.xml為例,內容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank updated="yes">2</rank>
<year>2008</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank updated="yes">5</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank updated="yes">69</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>1.解析
1)調用parse()方法，返回解析樹
try:
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("country.xml") # <class 'xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree'>
root = tree.getroot() # 獲取根節點 <Element 'data' at 0x02BF6A80>2)調用from_string(),返回解析樹的根元素
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
data = open("country.xml").read()
root = ET.fromstring(data) # <Element 'data' at 0x036168A0>
3)調用ElementTree類ElementTree(self, element=None, file=None) # 這里的element作為根節點
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.ElementTree(file="country.xml") # <xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree object at 0x03031390>
root = tree.getroot() # <Element 'data' at 0x030EA600>
1)簡單遍歷
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("country.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag, ":", root.attrib) # 打印根元素的tag和屬性
# 遍歷xml文檔的第二層
for child in root:
# 第二層節點的標簽名稱和屬性
print(child.tag,":", child.attrib)
# 遍歷xml文檔的第三層
for children in child:
# 第三層節點的標簽名稱和屬性
print(children.tag, ":", children.attrib)可以通過下標的方式直接訪問節點
# 訪問根節點下第一個country的第二個節點year,獲取對應的文本
year = root[0][1].text # 2008
2)ElementTree提供的方法
find(match) # 查找第一個匹配的子元素， match可以時tag或是xpaht路徑
findall(match) # 返回所有匹配的子元素列表
findtext(match, default=None) #
iter(tag=None) # 以當前元素為根節點 創建樹迭代器,如果tag不為None,則以tag進行過濾
iterfind(match) #
例子:
# 過濾出所有neighbor標簽
for neighbor in root.iter("neighbor"):
print(neighbor.tag, ":", neighbor.attrib)
# 遍歷所有的counry標簽
for country in root.findall("country"):
# 查找country標簽下的第一個rank標簽
rank = country.find("rank").text
# 獲取country標簽的name屬性
name = country.get("name")
print(name, rank)
1) 屬性相關
# 將所有的rank值加1,并添加屬性updated為yes
for rank in root.iter("rank"):
new_rank = int(rank.text) + 1
rank.text = str(new_rank) # 必須將int轉為str
rank.set("updated", "yes") # 添加屬性
# 再終端顯示整個xml
ET.dump(root)
# 注意 修改的內容存在內存中 尚未保存到文件中
# 保存修改后的內容
tree.write("output.xml")import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("output.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
for rank in root.iter("rank"):
# attrib為屬性字典
# 刪除對應的屬性updated
del rank.attrib['updated']
ET.dump(root)小結: 關于classxml.etree.ElementTree.Element 屬性相關
2) 節點/元素 相關
刪除子元素remove()
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("country.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
# 刪除rank大于50的國家
for country in root.iter("country"):
rank = int(country.find("rank").text)
if rank > 50:
# remove()方法 刪除子元素
root.remove(country)
ET.dump(root)添加子元素
代碼:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("country.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
country = root[0]
last_ele = country[len(list(country))-1]
last_ele.tail = '\n\t\t'
# 創建新的元素, tag為test_append
elem1 = ET.Element("test_append")
elem1.text = "elem 1"
# elem.tail = '\n\t'
country.append(elem1)
# SubElement() 其實內部調用的時append()
elem2 = ET.SubElement(country, "test_subelement")
elem2.text = "elem 2"
# extend()
elem3 = ET.Element("test_extend")
elem3.text = "elem 3"
elem4 = ET.Element("test_extend")
elem4.text = "elem 4"
country.extend([elem3, elem4])
# insert()
elem5 = ET.Element("test_insert")
elem5.text = "elem 5"
country.insert(5, elem5)
ET.dump(country)效果:
添加子元素方法總結:
4.創建xml文檔
想創建root Element,然后創建SubElement,最后將root element傳入ElementTree(element),創建tree，調用tree.write()方法寫入文件
對于創建元素的3個方法: 使用ET.Element、Element對象的makeelement()方法以及ET.SubElement
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def subElement(root, tag, text):
ele = ET.SubElement(root, tag)
ele.text = text
ele.tail = '\n'
root = ET.Element("note")
to = root.makeelement("to", {})
to.text = "peter"
to.tail = '\n'
root.append(to)
subElement(root, "from", "marry")
subElement(root, "heading", "Reminder")
subElement(root, "body", "Don't forget the meeting!")
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("note.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)效果:
由于原生保存的XML時默認無縮進，如果想要設置縮進的話， 需要修改保存方式
代碼:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom
def subElement(root, tag, text):
ele = ET.SubElement(root, tag)
ele.text = text
def saveXML(root, filename, indent="\t", newl="\n", encoding="utf-8"):
rawText = ET.tostring(root)
dom = minidom.parseString(rawText)
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
dom.writexml(f, "", indent, newl, encoding)
root = ET.Element("note")
to = root.makeelement("to", {})
to.text = "peter"
root.append(to)
subElement(root, "from", "marry")
subElement(root, "heading", "Reminder")
subElement(root, "body", "Don't forget the meeting!")
# 保存xml文件
saveXML(root, "note.xml")看完上述內容，你們掌握Python使用ElementTree實現解析xml的方法了嗎？如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！
免責聲明：本站發布的內容（圖片、視頻和文字）以原創、轉載和分享為主，文章觀點不代表本網站立場，如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱：is@yisu.com進行舉報，并提供相關證據，一經查實，將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。
