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了解如何在 Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 上逐步將 Oracle RAC 10g 第 2 版升級到 Oracle RAC 11g。
作者：Vincent Chan
2007 年 10 月發布
Oracle 最近發布了大家期待已久的 Oracle 數據庫 11g（即，新一代網格計算）。該版本在網格計算方面取得了顯著進步，提供了大量令人難以置信的新特性，從而進一步改進了數據庫可用性和可管理性、性能監視、診斷以及數據庫升級過程。其中不乏令人印象深刻的創新功能，例如 Oracle 真正應用測試、具有實時查詢功能的物理備用、新的分區方案以及結果緩存等關鍵特性。
轉自：http://www.oracle.com/technology/global/cn/pub/articles/chan-upgrade.html
基本上，將 Oracle RAC 10g 升級到 Oracle RAC 11g 的方法有三種：
推薦的方法是，使用 DBUA 升級您的數據庫和自動存儲管理 (ASM)。DBUA 可以執行許多人工任務，從而顯著簡化升級過程。在本指南中，我們將描述使用 DBUA 進行升級的過程。
本指南相關下載：
本指南分為以下步驟：
Oracle RAC 10g 環境概述：
| 主機名 | 實例名 | 數據庫名 | 集群件文件存儲 | 數據庫文件存儲 |
| merlin1 | devdb1 | devdb | Raw | ASM |
| merlin2 | devdb2 | devdb | Raw | ASM |
| 主機名 | Oracle 集群件主目錄 | Oracle ASM 主目錄 | Oracle 主目錄 |
| merlin1 | /u02/crs/oracle | /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 | /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 |
| merlin2 | /u02/crs/oracle | /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 | /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 |
|
Oracle 集群件文件 |
設備名 |
| Oracle Cluster Registry | /dev/sdb1 |
| Voting Disk | /dev/sdc1 |
Oracle RAC 11g 環境概述：
| 主機名 | 實例名 | 數據庫名 | 集群件文件存儲 | 數據庫文件存儲 |
| merlin1 | devdb1 | devdb | Raw | ASM |
| merlin2 | devdb2 | devdb | Raw | ASM |
| 主機名 | Oracle 集群件主目錄 | Oracle ASM 主目錄 | Oracle 主目錄 |
| merlin1 | /u02/crs/oracle | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 |
| merlin2 | /u02/crs/oracle | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 |
| Oracle 集群件文件 | 設備名 |
| Oracle Cluster Registry | /dev/sdb1 |
| Voting Disk | /dev/sdc1 |
您將在每個節點的 Oracle 集群件主目錄、Oracle ASM 主目錄和 Oracle 主目錄中安裝軟件，以實現冗余和更高的可用性。
在升級到 Oracle RAC 11g 之前，備份您的 Oracle RAC 10g 環境。
以 root 用戶身份安裝以下程序包（如果它們尚未安裝到 RAC 節點上）。這些程序包可以從 Enterprise-R5-GA-Server-i386-disc2.iso 和 Enterprise-R5-GA-Server-i386-disc3.iso 中提取。
提取這些程序包之后，以 root 用戶身份執行以下命令。
# ls -1 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.e15.i386.rpm libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm # # rpm -Uvh *.rpm
最低內核參數要求如下所示。如果必要，在兩個節點的 /etc/sysctl.conf 中配置相應的參數。
kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
如果您希望執行滾動升級，在升級到 Oracle RAC 11g 之前，Oracle 集群件的版本必須至少是 10.2.0.3 或帶有 CRS 2 號補丁包的 10.2.0.2（參見錯誤 5256865）。10.2.0.3 補丁集 (5337014) 可以從 Oracle Metalink 下載。
參見 Oracle Metalink 說明 419058.1 或針對 Linux x86 的 Oracle 10.2.0.3 補丁集的相關信息。merlin1-> crsctl query crs activeversion CRS active version on the cluster is [10.2.0.3.0]
集群驗證實用程序 (CVU) 可降低安裝 RAC 的復雜性并減少所花費的時間。該工具將掃描集群環境中所有必需的組件，以確保滿足成功安裝的所有條件。
從 OTN 下載 Oracle 集群件 11.1.0.6 軟件并解壓縮到臨時目錄，然后執行 runcluvfy.sh。
/stage/clusterware/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n all -verbose > /tmp/prechecks.log
驗證是否滿足所有前提條件。您可以忽略針對 openmotif-2.2.3-3.RHEL3 的“Package existence checked failed”消息。
merlin1-> srvctl stop database -d devdb merlin1-> srvctl stop asm -n merlin1 merlin1-> srvctl stop asm -n merlin2 merlin1-> srvctl stop nodeapps -n merlin1 merlin1-> srvctl stop nodeapps -n merlin2 merlin1-> crs_stat -t Name Type Target State Host ------------------------------------------------------------ ora.devdb.db application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....b1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....b2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....SM1.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....N1.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in1.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in1.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....SM2.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....N2.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in2.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....in2.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE
在每個節點上執行 preupdate.sh 腳本，以準備要升級的集群件主目錄。該腳本可停止 Oracle 集群件組件并更改 Oracle 集群件主目錄中文件的權限。
以 root 用戶身份在每個節點上執行，# cd /stage/clusterware/upgrade # ./preupdate.sh -crshome /u02/crs/oracle -crsuser oracle Shutting down Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS): Stopping resources.This could take several minutes. Successfully stopped CRS resources. Stopping CSSD. Shutting down CSS daemon. Shutdown request successfully issued. Shutdown has begun.The daemons should exit soon. Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is down... Oracle CRS stack is down now.
您只需在一個節點上運行 Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)。OUI 將在每個節點上自動安裝現有的二進制軟件。
以 oracle 用戶身份在 merlin1 上執行，
merlin1-> /stage/clusterware/runInstaller
在 merlin1 上，
# /u02/crs/oracle/install/rootupgrade Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already up... copying ONS config file to 11.1 CRS home /bin/cp:`/u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config' and `/u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config' are the same file /u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config was copied successfully to /u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config WARNING:directory '/u02/crs' is not owned by root WARNING:directory '/u02' is not owned by root Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully Adding daemons to inittab Attempting to start Oracle Clusterware stack Waiting for Cluster Synchronization Services daemon to start Cluster Synchronization Services daemon has started Waiting for Event Manager daemon to start Event Manager daemon has started Cluster Ready Services daemon has started Oracle CRS stack is running under init(1M) clscfg:EXISTING configuration version 3 detected. clscfg:version 3 is 10g Release 2. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Using ports:CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897. node <nodenumber>:<nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname> node 1:merlin1 merlin1-priv merlin1 Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. clscfg -upgrade completed successfully CRS stack on this node, is successfully upgraded to 11.1.0.6.0 Checking the existence of nodeapps on this node Creating '/u02/crs/oracle/install/paramfile.crs' with data used for CRS configuration Setting CRS configuration values in /u02/crs/oracle/install/paramfile.crs在 merlin2 上，
# /u02/crs/oracle/install/rootupgrade Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already up... copying ONS config file to 11.1 CRS home /bin/cp:`/u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config' and `/u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config' are the same file /u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config was copied successfully to /u02/crs/oracle/opmn/conf/ons.config WARNING:directory '/u02/crs' is not owned by root WARNING:directory '/u02' is not owned by root Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully Adding daemons to inittab Attempting to start Oracle Clusterware stack Waiting for Cluster Synchronization Services daemon to start Cluster Synchronization Services daemon has started Waiting for Event Manager daemon to start Waiting for Event Manager daemon to start Event Manager daemon has started Cluster Ready Services daemon has started Oracle CRS stack is running under init(1M) clscfg:EXISTING configuration version 4 detected. clscfg:version 4 is 11 Release 1. Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Using ports:CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897. node <nodenumber>:<nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname> node 2:merlin2 merlin2-priv merlin2 Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'.. Operation successful. clscfg -upgrade completed successfully CRS stack on this node, is successfully upgraded to 11.1.0.6.0 Checking the existence of nodeapps on this node Creating '/u02/crs/oracle/install/paramfile.crs' with data used for CRS configuration Setting CRS configuration values in /u02/crs/oracle/install/paramfile.crs merlin1-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check crs Cluster Synchronization Services appears healthy Cluster Ready Services appears healthy Event Manager appears healthy merlin1-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl query crs softwareversion Oracle Clusterware version on node [merlin1] is [11.1.0.6.0] merlin1-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl query crs activeversion Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.1.0.6.0] merlin2-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl check crs Cluster Synchronization Services appears healthy Cluster Ready Services appears healthy Event Manager appears healthy merlin2-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl query crs softwareversion Oracle Clusterware version on node [merlin2] is [11.1.0.6.0] merlin2-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crsctl query crs activeversion Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.1.0.6.0]
merlin1-> /u02/crs/oracle/bin/cluvfy stage -post crsinst -n merlin1,merlin2 Performing post-checks for cluster services setup Checking node reachability... Node reachability check passed from node "merlin1". Checking user equivalence... User equivalence check passed for user "oracle". Checking Cluster manager integrity... Checking CSS daemon... Daemon status check passed for "CSS daemon". Cluster manager integrity check passed. Checking cluster integrity... Cluster integrity check passed Checking OCR integrity... Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration... All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations. Uniqueness check for OCR device passed. Checking the version of OCR... OCR of correct Version "2" exists. Checking data integrity of OCR... Data integrity check for OCR passed. OCR integrity check passed. Checking CRS integrity... Checking daemon liveness... Liveness check passed for "CRS daemon". Checking daemon liveness... Liveness check passed for "CSS daemon". Checking daemon liveness... Liveness check passed for "EVM daemon". Checking CRS health... CRS health check passed. CRS integrity check passed. Checking node application existence... Checking existence of VIP node application (required) Check passed. Checking existence of ONS node application (optional) Check passed. Checking existence of GSD node application (optional) Check passed. Post-check for cluster services setup was successful.
在此階段，Oracle 集群件已經升級到 Oracle 集群件 11g，并且所有集群資源應該處于運行狀態。merlin1-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stat -t Name Type Target State Host ------------------------------------------------------------ ora.devdb.db application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....N1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....N2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2
以 oracle 用戶身份在這兩個節點上創建新的 Oracle 主目錄。
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
從 OTN 上下載 Oracle 數據庫軟件。
以 oracle 用戶身份在 merlin1 上執行，
merlin1-> /stage/database/runInstaller
在運行數據庫升級助手 (DBUA) 之前，執行數據庫升級前檢查（即 utlu111i.sql）以檢驗是否滿足所有前提條件。作為升級過程的一部分，DBUA 會自動將 cluster_database 參數由 true 更改為 false。進行必要的修改后，重新執行數據庫升級前檢查腳本。
以 sys 用戶身份連接，
SQL> spool /tmp/utlu111i.log SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlu111i Oracle Database 11.1 Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 08-13-2007 18:03:45 . ********************************************************************** Database: ********************************************************************** --> name:DEVDB --> version: 10.2.0.3.0 --> compatible: 10.2.0.1.0 --> blocksize: 8192 --> platform.:Linux IA (32-bit) --> timezone file:V4 . ********************************************************************** Tablespaces:[make adjustments in the current environment] ********************************************************************** --> SYSTEM tablespace is adequate for the upgrade. .... minimum required size:743 MB --> UNDOTBS1 tablespace is adequate for the upgrade. .... minimum required size:315 MB --> SYSAUX tablespace is adequate for the upgrade. .... minimum required size:458 MB --> TEMP tablespace is adequate for the upgrade. .... minimum required size:61 MB --> EXAMPLE tablespace is adequate for the upgrade. .... minimum required size:66 MB . ********************************************************************** Update Parameters:[Update Oracle Database 11.1 init.ora or spfile] ********************************************************************** -- No update parameter changes are required. . ********************************************************************** Renamed Parameters:[Update Oracle Database 11.1 init.ora or spfile] ********************************************************************** -- No renamed parameters found.No changes are required. . ********************************************************************** Obsolete/Deprecated Parameters:[Update Oracle Database 11.1 init.ora or spfile] ********************************************************************** --> "background_dump_dest" replaced by "diagnostic_dest" --> "user_dump_dest" replaced by "diagnostic_dest" --> "core_dump_dest" replaced by "diagnostic_dest" . ********************************************************************** Components:[The following database components will be upgraded or installed] ********************************************************************** --> Oracle Catalog Views [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle Packages and Types [upgrade] VALID --> JServer JAVA Virtual Machine [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle XDK for Java [upgrade] VALID --> Real Application Clusters [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle Workspace Manager [upgrade] VALID --> OLAP Analytic Workspace [upgrade] VALID --> OLAP Catalog [upgrade] VALID --> EM Repository [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle Text [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle XML Database [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle Java Packages [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle interMedia [upgrade] VALID --> Spatial [upgrade] VALID --> Data Mining [upgrade] VALID --> Expression Filter [upgrade] VALID --> Rule Manager [upgrade] VALID --> Oracle OLAP API [upgrade] VALID . ********************************************************************** Miscellaneous Warnings ********************************************************************** WARNING:--> The "cluster_database" parameter is currently "TRUE" and must be set to "FALSE" prior to running the upgrade. WARNING:--> Database contains stale optimizer statistics. .... Refer to the 11g Upgrade Guide for instructions to update .... statistics prior to upgrading the database. .... Component Schemas with stale statistics: .... SYS WARNING:--> Database contains schemas with objects dependent on network packages. .... Refer to the 11g Upgrade Guide for instructions to configure Network ACLs. WARNING:--> EM Database Control Repository exists in the database. .... Direct downgrade of EM Database Control is not supported.Refer to the .... 11g Upgrade Guide for instructions to save the EM data prior to upgrade. . PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> spool off
修改 ORACLE_HOME 以便在兩個節點上反映新的 Oracle 數據庫 11g 目錄。
merlin1-> more .profile export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> " export EDITOR=vi export ORACLE_SID=devdb1 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/db_1 export ORA_CRS_HOME=/u02/crs/oracle export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/loca l/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin umask 022
以 oracle 用戶身份在 merlin1 上執行 dbua。
merlin1-> ../.profile merlin1-> which dbua /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/dbua merlin1-> dbua
圖 1
圖 2
圖 3
圖 4
圖 5
SQL> select comp_name,version,status from dba_registry; COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS --------------------------------------- ---------- ------ Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.1.0.6.0 VALID OLAP Catalog 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Spatial 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Multimedia 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle XML Database 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Text 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Data Mining 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Expression Filter 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Rule Manager 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Workspace Manager 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.1.0.6.0 VALID JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle XDK 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Database Java Packages 11.1.0.6.0 VALID OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle OLAP API 11.1.0.6.0 VALID Oracle Real Application Clusters 11.1.0.6.0 VALID 18 rows selected. merlin1-> srvctl config database -d devdb merlin1 devdb1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 merlin2 devdb2 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1 merlin1-> $ORA_CRS_HOME/bin/crs_stat -t Name Type Target State Host ------------------------------------------------------------ ora.devdb.db application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....N1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....N2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2新的診斷位置
SQL> select name, value from v$parameter where name like '%dump_dest' or name like 'diag%'; NAME VALUE -------------------- -------------------------------------------------- background_dump_dest /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/devdb/devdb1/trace user_dump_dest /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/devdb/devdb1/trace core_dump_dest /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/devdb/devdb1/cdump diagnostic_dest /u01/app/oracle
單獨的 ASM 主目錄不是必需的；但是，具有一個單獨的 ASM 主目錄具有以下優點：可讓您將補丁或補丁集獨立地從 ASM 主目錄應用到 Oracle RDBMS 主目錄。在同一個節點上運行一個以上的數據庫實例時，具有單獨的 ASM 主目錄和 RDBMS 主目錄尤其受益。在 Oracle RDBMS 主目錄需要修補時，ASM 實例可用性將不會受到影響。
此時，您的 ASM 主目錄仍然在 Oracle 數據庫 10g 主目錄下運行。
merlin1-> srvctl config asm -n merlin1 +ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 merlin1-> srvctl config asm -n merlin2 +ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
在兩個節點上，以 oracle 用戶身份創建新的 ASM 主目錄
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm并修改 shell 配置文件中的 ORACLE_HOME 變量，以反映新的 ASM 主目錄。
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm
以 oracle 用戶身份在 merlin1 上執行，
merlin1-> ../.profile merlin1-> /stage/database/runInstaller
在 merlin1 上，以 oracle 用戶身份停止數據庫并啟動 DBUA。
merlin1-> srvctl stop database -d devdb merlin1-> /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm/bin/dbua
圖 6
圖 7
merlin1-> srvctl config asm -n merlin1 +ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm merlin1-> srvctl config asm -n merlin2 +ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/asm merlin1-> srvctl start database -d devdb merlin1-> crs_stat -t Name Type Target State Host ------------------------------------------------------------ ora.devdb.db application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....b2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....N1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....in1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin1 ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....N2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2 ora....in2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE merlin2
圖 8
作為最后一步，要利用 Oracle 數據庫 11g 的新特性，必須將數據庫兼容性參數和磁盤組兼容性屬性更改為 11.1.0。
在 devdb1 實例上，
SQL> show parameter compatible NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------ ----------- ------------------------- compatible string 10.2.0.1.0 SQL> alter system set compatible='11.1.0' scope=spfile; System altered.在 merlin1 上，重新啟動數據庫，
merlin1-> srvctl stop database -d devdb merlin1-> srvctl start database -d devdb
在 ASM1 實例上，
SQL> select name,compatibility,database_compatibility from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME COMPATIBILITY DATABASE_COMPATIBILI --------------- ------------- -------------------- DG1 10.1.0.0.0 10.1.0.0.0 RECOVERYDEST 10.1.0.0.0 10.1.0.0.0 SQL> alter diskgroup dg1 set attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.1.0'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup dg1 set attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.1.0'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup recoverydest set attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.1.0'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> alter diskgroup recoverydest set attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.1.0'; Diskgroup altered. SQL> select name,compatibility,database_compatibility from v$asm_diskgroup; NAME COMPATIBILITY DATABASE_COMPATIBILI --------------- ------------- -------------------- DG1 11.1.0.0.0 11.1.0.0.0 RECOVERYDEST 11.1.0.0.0 11.1.0.0.0
此部分將簡要描述 Oracle 數據庫 11g 的幾個新特性。新特性的詳細描述不在本指南的討論范圍之內。要獲得更完整的列表，請參閱 Oracle 數據庫新特性指南 11g 第 1 版 (11.1)。
自動內存管理 — 在 Oracle 數據庫 11g 中，已經使用動態參數 memory_target 進一步自動化了內存管理。您只需指定總的實例內存大小，數據庫將自動管理 SGA 與 PGA 之間的內存分配。視圖 v$memory_target_advice 將提供內存調整建議。
間隔分區通過在插入行超出分區范圍時自動創建新表分區，提高了分區表的可管理性。
按整數值分區
SQL> create table patients (
2 patientid number not null,name varchar2(10),address varchar2(15)
3 )
4 partition by range (patientid)
5 interval (100)
6 (partition p1 values less than (100))
7 /
Table created.
SQL> select partition_name,high_value
2 from user_tab_partitions
3 where table_name='PATIENTS';
PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
--------------- ---------------
P1 100
SQL> insert into patients values (100,'ROBERT','4 BORNE AVE');
1 row created.
SQL> select partition_name,high_value
2 from user_tab_partitions
3 where table_name='PATIENTS';
PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
--------------- ---------------
P1 100
SYS_P81 200
SQL> select count(*) from patients partition (SYS_P81);
COUNT(*)
----------
1
按日期分區
SQL> create table userlogs (
2 transid number,
3 transdt date,
4 terminal varchar2(10)
5 )
6 partition by range (transdt)
7 interval (numtoyminterval(1,'YEAR'))
8 (
9 partition p1 values less than (to_date('01-01-2007','mm-dd-yyyy'))
10 );
Table created.
SQL> select partition_name,high_value
2 from user_tab_partitions
3 where table_name='USERLOGS';
PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
-------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P1 TO_DATE(' 2007-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SQL> insert into userlogs values (1,'11-AUG-07','XAV0004');
1 row created.
SQL> select partition_name,high_value
2 from user_tab_partitions
3 where table_name='USERLOGS';
PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE
-------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P1 TO_DATE(' 2007-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SYS_P42 TO_DATE(' 2008-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SQL> select count(*) from userlogs partition (sys_p42);
COUNT(*)
----------
1
引用分區根據父表的分區模式對子表進行分區。
SQL> create table patients (
2 patientid number not null,name varchar2(10), address varchar2(15)
3 )
4 partition by range (patientid)
5 (partition p1 values less than (100),
6 partition p2 values less than (200))
7 /
Table created.
SQL> alter table patients
2 add constraint patients_pk primary key (patientid);
Table altered.
SQL> create table invoices (
2 invoiceno number,amount number, patientid number not null,
3 constraint invoices_fk
4 foreign key (patientid) references patients
5 )
6 partition by reference (invoices_fk);
Table created.
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','INVOICES','VCHAN') from dual;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','INVOICES','VCHAN')
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "VCHAN"."INVOICES"
( "INVOICENO" NUMBER,
"AMOUNT" NUMBER,
"PATIENTID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT "INVOICES_FK" FOREIGN KEY ("PATIENTID")
REFERENCES "VCHAN"."PATIENTS" ("PATIENTID") ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
PARTITION BY REFERENCE ("INVOICES_FK")
(PARTITION "P1"
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" NOCOMPRESS ,
PARTITION "P2"
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" NOCOMPRESS )
SQL> insert into patients values (1,'TOBY','88 Palace Ave');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into invoices values (150,262.12,1);
1 row created.
SQL> select count(*) from invoices partition (p1);
COUNT(*)
----------
1
SQL> select count(*) from invoices partition (p2);
COUNT(*)
----------
0
SQL> insert into patients values (110,'GILY','512 HILE STREET');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into invoices values (151,500.01,110);
1 row created.
SQL> select count(*) from invoices partition (p1);
COUNT(*)
----------
1
SQL> select count(*) from invoices partition (p2);
COUNT(*)
----------
1
Oracle 數據庫 11g 中的表壓縮支持傳統的 DML 和刪除列操作。壓縮數據在讀取期間不需要解壓縮，這樣，因為讀取的數據塊較少，查詢壓縮數據的速度將明顯加快。 SQL> create tablespace tbs1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db11g/tbs1_01.dbf' size 500M; Tablespace created. SQL> create tablespace tbs2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db11g/tbs2_01.dbf' size 500M; Tablespace created. SQL> create table mytable_compress (col1 varchar2(26),col2 varchar2(26)) tablespace tbs1 compress for all operations; Table created. SQL> create table mytable_nocompress (col1 varchar2(26),col2 varchar2(26)) tablespace tbs2; Table created. SQL> alter system flush buffer_Cache; System altered. SQL> alter system flush shared_pool; System altered. SQL> set timing on SQL> insert into mytable_nocompress 2 select 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 3 from (select 1 from dual connect by level <= 2000000); 2000000 rows created. Elapsed: 00:00:8.07 SQL> commit; Commit complete. Elapsed: 00:00:00.07 SQL> alter system flush buffer_Cache; System altered. SQL> alter system flush shared_pool; System altered. SQL> insert into mytable_compress 2 select 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ','ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 3 from (select 1 from dual connect by level <= 2000000); 2000000 rows created. Elapsed: 00:00:41.79 SQL> commit; Commit complete. Elapsed: 00:00:00.04 SQL> select segment_name,extents from user_segments where segment_name like 'MYTABLE%'; SEGMENT_NAME EXTENTS ------------------------------ ---------- MYTABLE_COMPRESS 53 MYTABLE_NOCOMPRESS 88 SQL> select tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_free_space where tablespace_name like 'TBS%'; TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024 ------------------------------ --------------- TBS1 461.9375 TBS2 363.9375 SQL> alter table mytable_compress drop column col2; Table altered. Elapsed: 00:00:21.04
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