xtrabackup備份恢復MySQL數據庫

1. 全量備份恢復：

• 查看原表內容：

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name       | age  | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
|  1 | zhangsan   |   15 | f      |
|  2 | lisi       |   15 | m      |
|  3 | wanger     |   25 | m      |
|  4 | liuwu      |   24 | f      |
|  5 | wangermazi |   28 | f      |
+----+------------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 備份：

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp
180916 11:56:18 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
......
中間省略
......

180916 11:56:22 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 11:56:22 All tables unlocked
180916 11:56:22 Backup created in directory '/tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18'
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 11:56:22 [00]        ...done
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 11:56:22 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602080) to (1602080) was copied.
180916 11:56:23 completed OK!

[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_checkpoints 
backup_type = full-backuped         #備份類型:全量備份
from_lsn = 0                        #起始lsn
to_lsn = 1602080                    #結束lsn
last_lsn = 1602080                  #總共多少個lsn
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0

[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_info 
uuid = 7a05430c-b964-11e8-889e-000c29080758
name = 
tool_name = innobackupex                #備份工具名稱
tool_command = --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=... /tmp      #備份時使用的命令
tool_version = 2.3.6                    #工具版本
ibbackup_version = 2.3.6
server_version = 5.5.60-MariaDB
start_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:18        #備份開始時間
end_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:22          #備份結束時間
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = 
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1602080
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N             
compressed = N                          #是否啟用壓縮
encrypted = N                           #是否加密

• 準備(apply)備份

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:06:16 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
......
中間省略
......
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602582
180916 12:06:19 completed OK!           #此處顯示completed OK即表示完成

• 恢復備份:
  1. 停止mysql服務
  2. 刪庫

[root@jenkins ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*

3. 通過全量備份恢復數據

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:11:19 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
180916 12:11:19 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
180916 12:11:19 [01]        ...done
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:11:20 [01]        ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
180916 12:11:20 [01]        ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:11:20 [01]        ...done
180916 12:11:20 completed OK!           #顯示completed OK即為完成

4. 修改恢復后文件的屬主,屬組為mysql

[root@jenkins ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql -l
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root  5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root  5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 root root     4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql
drwx------ 2 root root     4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root     4096 Sep 16 12:11 test
drwx------ 2 root root     4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 root root      437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info
[root@jenkins ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@jenkins ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:11 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info

5. 啟動MySQL并查看

[root@jenkins ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@jenkins ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name       | age  | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
|  1 | zhangsan   |   15 | f      |
|  2 | lisi       |   15 | m      |
|  3 | wanger     |   25 | m      |
|  4 | liuwu      |   24 | f      |
|  5 | wangermazi |   28 | f      |
+----+------------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. 增量備份及恢復:

1. 全量備份:

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp/
180916 12:17:01 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....

180916 12:17:03 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 12:17:03 All tables unlocked
180916 12:17:03 Backup created in directory '/tmp//2018-09-16_12-17-01'
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 12:17:03 [00]        ...done
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:17:03 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602592) to (1602592) was copied.
180916 12:17:03 completed OK!

2. 修改數據庫,進行第一次增量備份

• 在testdb.students中添加一條數據:

MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (6,'xiaoming',20,'f');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name       | age  | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
|  1 | zhangsan   |   15 | f      |
|  2 | lisi       |   15 | m      |
|  3 | wanger     |   25 | m      |
|  4 | liuwu      |   24 | f      |
|  5 | wangermazi |   28 | f      |
|  6 | xiaoming   |   20 | f      |
+----+------------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

• 增量備份:

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:23:28 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:23:30 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602735) to (1602735) was copied.
180916 12:23:30 completed OK!

3. 再添加一條數據,進行第二次增量備份:

• 增加一條數據

MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (8,'daming',20,'m');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

• 第二次增量備份(若此時--incremental-basedir指的是第一次全量備份路徑,則為差異備份):

[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/
180916 12:29:08 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:29:10 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:29:10 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1603615) to (1603615) was copied.
180916 12:29:10 completed OK!

4. 準備(prepare)數據:
   • 需要在每個備份(包括完全和各個增量備份)上，將已經提交的事務進行“重放”。“重放”之后，所有的備份數據將合并到完全備份上。
   • 基于所有的備份將未提交的事務進行“回滾”

(1) 準備全量備份文件

[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:34:06 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602592
180916 12:34:06 completed OK!

(2) 準備第一次增量備份文件:

注: --incremental-dir所指的目錄必須為絕對路徑

[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28
180916 12:38:17 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".

.....
中間省略
.....

180916 12:38:18 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:38:18 [00]        ...done
180916 12:38:18 completed OK!

(3) 準備第二次增量備份文件:

[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08/
180916 12:42:56 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....

180916 12:42:57 [01]        ...done
180916 12:42:57 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:42:57 [00]        ...done
180916 12:42:57 completed OK!

(4) 執行回滾操作

[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:46:15 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1604128
180916 12:46:18 completed OK!

(5) 關閉MySQL并刪除/var/lib/mysql/下所有文件

(6) 恢復數據：

[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --copy-back 2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:48:39 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
           prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:48:40 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:48:40 [01]        ...done
180916 12:48:40 completed OK!

(6) 修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件的屬主、屬組并啟動數據庫并查看

[root@jenkins mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@jenkins mysql]# ll
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:48 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql  5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:48 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:48 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:48 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Sep 16 12:48 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      462 Sep 16 12:48 xtrabackup_info
[root@jenkins mysql]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@jenkins mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name       | age  | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
|  1 | zhangsan   |   15 | f      |
|  2 | lisi       |   15 | m      |
|  3 | wanger     |   25 | m      |
|  4 | liuwu      |   24 | f      |
|  5 | wangermazi |   28 | f      |
|  6 | xiaoming   |   20 | f      |
|  8 | daming     |   20 | m      |
+----+------------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)