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本文主要給大家簡單講講MySQL高可用MHA講析,相關專業術語大家可以上網查查或者找一些相關書籍補充一下,這里就不涉獵了,直奔主題,希望可以給大家帶來一些實際幫助。
MHA(MySQL|Master High Availability)是一種基于主從模型的相當成熟的一種解決方案,我們對于master做一個高可用,使得哪怕在master數據庫云服務器宕機時,我們的slave可以及時頂上,直接變成master主機,保證服務可靠的運行;
由于mha4mysql不存在于鏡像倉庫和epel中,所以需要下載rpm包,我下載的是
mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
建議mha服務器和master服務器分開;否則master物理宕機的話,mha也會宕機;
Master和slave上安裝mha4mysql-node節點;
mha服務器兩個rpm包都需要安裝;
MHA: CentOS 7.5B 172.16.75.2
Master: CentOS 7.5D 172.16.75.4
Slave: CentOS 7.5C 172.16.75.3
三臺主機都需要進行SSH免密通信;
因為如果master宕機,slave需要頂上,所以slave和master都需要開啟二進制日志和中繼日志;
Master配置文件:
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd innodb_file_per_table=ON skip_name_resolve=ON server_id=401 log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog sync_binlog=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 relay_log_purge=0 relay_log=relay_log [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
Slave配置文件:
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd innodb_file_per_table=ON skip_name_resolve=ON server_id=301 read_only=ON relay_log=slavelog relay_log_purge=0 log_bin=binlog [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
然后其他配置不變,搭建主從模型;
1.下載完mha的rpm包后,分別在對應的節點安裝對應的安裝包,通過查看mha4mysql-manager配置文件,全是二進制執行腳本。所以mha的配置文件需要自己寫;
[root@slave1 ~]# rpm -ql mha4mysql-manager /usr/bin/masterha_check_repl /usr/bin/masterha_check_ssh /usr/bin/masterha_check_status /usr/bin/masterha_conf_host /usr/bin/masterha_manager /usr/bin/masterha_master_monitor /usr/bin/masterha_master_switch /usr/bin/masterha_secondary_check /usr/bin/masterha_stop /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_check_repl.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_check_ssh.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_check_status.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_conf_host.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_manager.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_master_monitor.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_master_switch.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_secondary_check.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/masterha_stop.1.gz /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/Config.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/DBHelper.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/FileStatus.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/HealthCheck.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ManagerAdmin.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ManagerAdminWrapper.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ManagerConst.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ManagerUtil.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterFailover.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterRotate.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SSHCheck.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/Server.pm /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ServerManager.pm
2.創建mha相對應的配置文件;
[root@slave1 ~]# mkdir /etc/mha [root@slave1 ~]# vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf [root@slave1 ~]# [root@slave1 ~]# cat /etc/mha/app1.cnf [server default] user=mha #登錄用戶 password=mhapass manager_workdir=/data/masterha/app1 manager_log=/data/masterha/app1/manager.log remote_workdir=/data/masterha/app1 ssh_user=root repl_user=repuser #master做replication slave授權的用戶 repl_password=123456 ping_interval=1 [server1] hostname=172.16.75.4 candidate_master=1 [server2] hostname=172.16.75.3 candidate_master=1 [root@slave1 ~]# [root@slave1 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/masterha/app1 mkdir: 已創建目錄 "/data" mkdir: 已創建目錄 "/data/masterha" mkdir: 已創建目錄 "/data/masterha/app1"
3.根據配置文件內容,master還需要對mha做一個授權用戶。
Master mysql:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'mha'@'%' identified by 'mhapass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
4.在mha服務器上進行ssh測試和repl測試(最后顯示 OK即可);
[root@slave1 ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping. Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mastermha/app1.cnf.. Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mastermha/app1.cnf.. Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests.. Wed Nov 7 20:46:18 2018 - [debug] Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.75.4(172.16.75.4:22) to root@172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:22).. Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [debug] ok. Wed Nov 7 20:46:18 2018 - [debug] Wed Nov 7 20:46:17 2018 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:22) to root@172.16.75.4(172.16.75.4:22).. Wed Nov 7 20:46:18 2018 - [debug] ok. Wed Nov 7 20:46:18 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
[root@slave1 ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app.cnf … 172.16.75.4(172.16.75.4:3306) (current master) +--172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) Thu Nov 8 09:37:35 2018 - [info] Checking replication health on 172.16.75.3.. Thu Nov 8 09:37:35 2018 - [info] ok. Thu Nov 8 09:37:35 2018 - [warning] master_ip_failover_script is not defined. Thu Nov 8 09:37:35 2018 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined. Thu Nov 8 09:37:35 2018 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead). MySQL Replication Health is OK.
5.啟動mha4mysql進程;
[root@slave1 ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app.cnf > /data/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 & [1] 85154
6.檢測mha的狀態;
[root@slave1 ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/app.cnf app (pid:85154) is running(0:PING_OK), master:172.16.75.4
7.測試:
把master的mysql進程關掉;然后查看manager上的mha日志:
Master:
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
Manager:
[root@slave1 ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/app.cnf app master is down and failover is running(50:FAILOVER_RUNNING). master:172.16.75.4 [root@slave1 ~]# cat /data/masterha/app1/manager.log … … ----- Failover Report ----- app: MySQL Master failover 172.16.75.4(172.16.75.4:3306) to 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) succeeded Master 172.16.75.4(172.16.75.4:3306) is down! Check MHA Manager logs at slave1.ljy.com:/data/masterha/app1/manager.log for details. Started automated(non-interactive) failover. The latest slave 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) has all relay logs for recovery. Selected 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) as a new master. 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded. Generating relay diff files from the latest slave succeeded. 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306): Resetting slave info succeeded. Master failover to 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) completed successfully.
最后,當出現Master failover to 172.16.75.3(172.16.75.3:3306) completed successfully.
就意味著我們的master已經轉到slave上了,雖然之前的Master數據庫服務器down掉,但是我們通過mha及時的切換到slave主機上,保證數據庫服務器的可靠性。
遇到的大坑:Checking if super_read_only is defined and turned on..DBD::mysql::st execute failed: Unknown system variable 'super_read_only' at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/SlaveUtil.pm line 245.
一開始用的0.58版本的mha,結果在進行repl檢測的時候,出現了“super read only”的錯誤,這是因為我們的mysql版本和mha版本有不兼容的情況,換用0.56的版本就可以,因為0.58版本的mha兼容的是mariadb-10以后版本有”super_read_only”選項,我們正常CentOS-7系列主機上安裝的MariaDB-5.56沒有”super_read_only”選項,所以檢測repl權限時,會說我們沒有設置此選項;
總之,mha在生產環境中有很高的必要性,我們需要Proxysql做讀寫分離提升服務器性能的同時,又需要mha對master做高可用來保證服務器的可靠性,保障我們的數據庫不間斷的運行;
MySQL高可用MHA講析就先給大家講到這里,對于其它相關問題大家想要了解的可以持續關注我們的行業資訊。我們的板塊內容每天都會捕捉一些行業新聞及專業知識分享給大家的。
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