oracle 10g 遠程連接asm

asm遠程連接可能會遇到以下報錯：

ORA-12505 TNS:listener could not resolve SID given in connect descriptor
ORA-12541: TNS:no listener
ORA-15000: command disallowed by current instance type
ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
ORA-1031:   insufficient privileges

asm遠程連接配置如下:
參數配置：

remote_login_passwordfile = exclusive ... for stand alone ASM setups
remote_login_passwordfile = shared ... for ASM setups that also use Real Application Cluster (RAC)

節點1：

[oracle@prodb1 admin]$ cat listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER_prodb1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
     (SID_DESC =
       (SID_NAME = +ASM1)  
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME  = +ASM)  
       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER_prodb1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prodb1-vip)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.101)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
    )
  )

節點2：

[oracle@prodb2 admin]$ cat listener.ora 

SID_LIST_LISTENER_prodb2 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
     (SID_DESC =
       (SID_NAME = +ASM2)  
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME  = +ASM)  
       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER_prodb2 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prodb2-vip)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.102)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
    )
  )

客戶端tnsname.ora:

ASM1 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS_LIST =  
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.101)(PORT = 1521))  
     )  
     (CONNECT_DATA =  
       (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)  
    (UR=A)
     )  
   )  

ASM2 =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS_LIST =  
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.102)(PORT = 1521))  
     )  
     (CONNECT_DATA =  
       (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)  
    (UR=A)
     )  
   )

ASM =  
   (DESCRIPTION =  
     (ADDRESS_LIST =  
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.102)(PORT = 1521))  
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.10.101)(PORT = 1521))
     )  
     (CONNECT_DATA =  
       (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)  
    (UR=A)
     )  
   )

關鍵部分為 (UR=A)，如果不配置該選項，則連接的時候報：

$ sqlplus sys/admin@asm1 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on чǚ? 7? 5 21:44:30 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

UR=A選項通常用來連接使用nomount，mount或restricted模式啟動數據庫。

數據庫啟動到nomount，監聽狀態為BLOCKED；
數據庫啟動到mount，監聽狀態為READY；
數據庫啟動到restrict，監聽狀態為RESTRICT;
靜態注冊的asm為BLOCKED

參考自：How to connect to ASM instance from a remote client (Oracle Net) (文檔 ID 340277.1)