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k8s-ceph-rbd

發布時間：2020-06-04 19:35:42 來源：網絡 閱讀：864 作者：呂文康 欄目：云計算

k8s使用ceph實現動態持久化存儲 https://juejin.im/post/5b766b5bf265da27e36efdfa
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2018.08.17 14:37* 字數 435 閱讀 3432評論 1喜歡 3
簡介
本文章介紹如何使用ceph為k8s提供動態申請pv的功能。ceph提供底層存儲功能，cephfs方式支持k8s的pv的3種訪問模式ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany ，ReadWriteMany ，RBD支持ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany兩種模式

訪問模式只是能力描述，并不是強制執行的，對于沒有按pvc聲明的方式使用pv，存儲提供者應該負責訪問時的運行錯誤。例如如果設置pvc的訪問模式為ReadOnlyMany ，pod掛載后依然可寫，如果需要真正的不可寫，申請pvc是需要指定 readOnly: true 參數

部署
部署k8s
centos7使用kubeadm安裝k8s-1.11版本

部署ceph
centos7安裝ceph分布式存儲集群

在k8s集群中配置使用ceph
使用Ceph RBD
使用kubeadm安裝集群的額外配置

如果使用kubeadm部署的集群需要這些額外的步驟

由于使用動態存儲時 controller-manager 需要使用 rbd 命令創建 image

所以 controller-manager 需要使用 rbd 命令

由于官方controller-manager鏡像里沒有rbd命令

如果沒使用如下方式會報錯無法成功創建pvc

相關 issue https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/38923

cat >external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
rules:

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  • apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["kube-dns"]
    verbs: ["list", "get"]

    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
    name: rbd-provisioner
    subjects:

  • kind: ServiceAccount
    name: rbd-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
    roleRef:
    kind: ClusterRole
    name: rbd-provisioner
    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
rules:

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: RoleBinding
    metadata:
    name: rbd-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
    roleRef:
    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: Role
    name: rbd-provisioner
    subjects:

  • kind: ServiceAccount
    name: rbd-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: rbd-provisioner
spec:
containers:

  • name: rbd-provisioner
    image: "quay.io/external_storage/rbd-provisioner:v2.0.0-k8s1.11"
    env:
    • name: PROVISIONER_NAME
      value: ceph.com/rbd
      serviceAccount: rbd-provisioner
      EOF
      kubectl apply -f external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml

查看狀態 等待running之后 再進行后續的操作

kubectl get pod -n kube-system
配置 storageclass

在k8s集群中所有節點安裝 ceph-common

需要使用kubelet使用rdb命令map附加rbd創建的image

yum install -y ceph-common

創建 osd pool 在ceph的mon或者admin節點

ceph osd pool create kube 4096
ceph osd pool ls

創建k8s訪問ceph的用戶 在ceph的mon或者admin節點

ceph auth get-or-create client.kube mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=kube' -o ceph.client.kube.keyring

查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin節點

ceph auth get-key client.admin
ceph auth get-key client.kube

創建 admin secret

CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET 替換為 client.admin 獲取到的key

export CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET='AQBBAnRbSiSOFxAAEZXNMzYV6hsceccYLhzdWw=='
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET \
--namespace=kube-system

在 default 命名空間創建pvc用于訪問ceph的 secret

CEPH_KUBE_SECRET 替換為 client.kube 獲取到的key

export CEPH_KUBE_SECRET='AQBZK3VbTN/QOBAAIYi6CRLQcVevW5HM8lunOg=='
kubectl create secret generic ceph-user-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$CEPH_KUBE_SECRET \
--namespace=default

查看 secret

kubectl get secret ceph-user-secret -o yaml
kubectl get secret ceph-secret -n kube-system -o yaml

配置 StorageClass

如果使用kubeadm創建的集群 provisioner 使用如下方式

provisioner: ceph.com/rbd

cat >storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: dynamic-ceph-rdb
provisioner: ceph.com/rbd

provisioner: kubernetes.io/rbd

parameters:
monitors: 11.11.11.111:6789,11.11.11.112:6789,11.11.11.113:6789
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: kube-system
pool: kube
userId: kube
userSecretName: ceph-user-secret
fsType: ext4
imageFormat: "2"
imageFeatures: "layering"
EOF

創建

kubectl apply -f storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml

查看

kubectl get sc
測試使用

創建pvc測試

cat >ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: ceph-rdb-claim
spec:
accessModes:

  • ReadWriteOnce
    storageClassName: dynamic-ceph-rdb
    resources:
    requests:
    storage: 2Gi
    EOF
    kubectl apply -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml

查看

kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv

創建 nginx pod 掛載測試

cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod1
labels:
name: nginx-pod1
spec:
containers:

  • name: nginx-pod1
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
    • name: web
      containerPort: 80
      volumeMounts:
    • name: ceph-rdb
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
  • name: ceph-rdb
    persistentVolumeClaim:
    claimName: ceph-rdb-claim
    EOF
    kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml

查看

kubectl get pods -o wide

修改文件內容

kubectl exec -ti nginx-pod1 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo Hello World from Ceph RBD!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'

訪問測試

POD_ID=$(kubectl get pods -o wide | grep nginx-pod1 | awk '{print $(NF-1)}')
curl http://$POD_ID

清理

kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml
使用 CephFS
linux內核需要4.10+，否則會出現無法正常使用的問題，詳細issue信息 https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/issues/345
centos7升級內核

在ceph集群創建CephFS

如下操作在ceph的mon或者admin節點

CephFS需要使用兩個Pool來分別存儲數據和元數據

ceph osd pool create fs_data 128
ceph osd pool create fs_metadata 128
ceph osd lspools

創建一個CephFS

ceph fs new cephfs fs_metadata fs_data

查看

ceph fs ls
部署cephfs-provisioner

官方沒有cephfs動態卷支持

使用社區提供的cephfs-provisioner

cat >external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
rules:

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  • apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]

    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    subjects:

  • kind: ServiceAccount
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
    roleRef:
    kind: ClusterRole
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
rules:

  • apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]

    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: RoleBinding
    metadata:
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    namespace: kube-system
    roleRef:
    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: Role
    name: cephfs-provisioner
    subjects:

    • kind: ServiceAccount
      name: cephfs-provisioner
      namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: cephfs-provisioner
spec:
containers:

  • name: cephfs-provisioner
    image: "quay.io/external_storage/cephfs-provisioner:v2.0.0-k8s1.11"
    env:
    • name: PROVISIONER_NAME
      value: ceph.com/cephfs
      command:
    • "/usr/local/bin/cephfs-provisioner"
      args:
    • "-id=cephfs-provisioner-1"
      serviceAccount: cephfs-provisioner
      EOF
      kubectl apply -f external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml

查看狀態 等待running之后 再進行后續的操作

kubectl get pod -n kube-system
配置 storageclass

查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin節點

ceph auth get-key client.admin

創建 admin secret

CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET 替換為 client.admin 獲取到的key

如果在測試 ceph rbd 方式已經添加 可以略過此步驟

export CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET='AQBBAnRbSiSOFxAAEZXNMzYV6hsceccYLhzdWw=='
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=$CEPH_ADMIN_SECRET \
--namespace=kube-system

查看 secret

kubectl get secret ceph-secret -n kube-system -o yaml

配置 StorageClass

cat >storageclass-cephfs.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: dynamic-cephfs
provisioner: ceph.com/cephfs
parameters:
monitors: 11.11.11.111:6789,11.11.11.112:6789,11.11.11.113:6789
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: "kube-system"
claimRoot: /volumes/kubernetes
EOF

創建

kubectl apply -f storageclass-cephfs.yaml

查看

kubectl get sc
測試使用

創建pvc測試

cat >cephfs-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: cephfs-claim
spec:
accessModes:

  • ReadWriteOnce
    storageClassName: dynamic-cephfs
    resources:
    requests:
    storage: 2Gi
    EOF
    kubectl apply -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml

查看

kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv

創建 nginx pod 掛載測試

cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod1
labels:
name: nginx-pod1
spec:
containers:

  • name: nginx-pod1
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
    • name: web
      containerPort: 80
      volumeMounts:
    • name: cephfs
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
  • name: cephfs
    persistentVolumeClaim:
    claimName: cephfs-claim
    EOF
    kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml

查看

kubectl get pods -o wide

修改文件內容

kubectl exec -ti nginx-pod1 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo Hello World from CephFS!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'

訪問測試

POD_ID=$(kubectl get pods -o wide | grep nginx-pod1 | awk '{print $(NF-1)}')
curl http://$POD_ID

清理

kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml

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