Docker入門與應用實戰之Dockerfile

1.Dockerfile格式

2. Dockerfile指令

3. Build鏡像

4. 構建Nginx，PHP，Tomcat基礎鏡像

?? 前提：上傳文件dockerfile .zip和wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

[root@localhost?first_stage]#?unzip?dockerfile\?.zip?-d?Dockerfile/
Archive:??dockerfile?.zip
??inflating:?Dockerfile/Dockerfile-nginx??
??inflating:?Dockerfile/Dockerfile-php??
??inflating:?Dockerfile/Dockerfile-tomcat??
??inflating:?Dockerfile/nginx.conf???
??inflating:?Dockerfile/php-fpm.conf??
??inflating:?Dockerfile/php.ini

構建Nginx基礎鏡像:

[root@localhost?first_stage]#?sed?-i?'s/1.12.2/1.15.5/g'?Dockerfile-nginx
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?cat?Dockerfile-nginx
FROM?centos:7
MAINTAINER?www.dengaosky.com
RUN?yum?install?-y?gcc?gcc-c++?make?\
????openssl-devel?pcre-devel?gd-devel?\
????iproute?net-tools?telnet?wget?curl?&&?\
????yum?clean?all?&&?\
????rm?-rf?/var/cache/yum/*
RUN?wget?http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz?&&?\
????tar?zxf?nginx-1.15.5.tar.gz?&&?\
????cd?nginx-1.15.5?&&?\
????./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/nginx?\
????--with-http_ssl_module?\
????--with-http_stub_status_module?&&?\
????make?-j?4?&&?make?install?&&?\
????rm?-rf?/usr/local/nginx/html/*?&&?\
????echo?"ok"?>>?/usr/local/nginx/html/status.html?&&?\
????cd?/?&&?rm?-rf?nginx-1.15.5*?&&?\
????ln?-sf?/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai?/etc/localtime

ENV?PATH?$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
COPY?nginx.conf?/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
WORKDIR?/usr/local/nginx
EXPOSE?80
CMD?["nginx",?"-g",?"daemon?off;"]
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?build?-t??nginx:v1?-f?Dockerfile-nginx?.
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?images
REPOSITORY??????????TAG?????????????????IMAGE?ID????????????CREATED?????????????SIZE
nginx???????????????v1??????????????????d25e10f6dc2f????????3?minutes?ago???????369MB
centos??????????????7???????????????????9f38484d220f????????4?months?ago????????202MB
[root@localhost?first_stage]#

構建PHP基礎鏡像:

[root@localhost?first_stage]#?cat?Dockerfile-php?
FROM?centos:7
MAINTAINER?www.dengaosky.com
RUN?yum?install?epel-release?-y?&&?\
????yum?install?-y?gcc?gcc-c++?make?gd-devel?libxml2-devel?\
????libcurl-devel?libjpeg-devel?libpng-devel?openssl-devel?\
????libmcrypt-devel?libxslt-devel?libtidy-devel?autoconf?\
????iproute?net-tools?telnet?wget?curl?&&?\
????yum?clean?all?&&?\
????rm?-rf?/var/cache/yum/*

RUN?wget?http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.36.tar.gz?&&?\
????tar?zxf?php-5.6.36.tar.gz?&&?\
????cd?php-5.6.36?&&?\
????./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/php?\
????--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc?\
????--enable-fpm?--enable-opcache?\
????--with-mysql?--with-mysqli?--with-pdo-mysql?\
????--with-openssl?--with-zlib?--with-curl?--with-gd?\
????--with-jpeg-dir?--with-png-dir?--with-freetype-dir?\
????--enable-mbstring?--with-mcrypt?--enable-hash?&&?\
????make?-j?4?&&?make?install?&&?\
????cp?php.ini-production?/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini?&&?\
????cp?sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf?/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf?&&?\
????sed?-i?"90a?\daemonize?=?no"?/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf?&&?\
????mkdir?/usr/local/php/log?&&?\
????cd?/?&&?rm?-rf?php*?&&?\
????ln?-sf?/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai?/etc/localtime

ENV?PATH?$PATH:/usr/local/php/sbin
COPY?php.ini?/usr/local/php/etc/
COPY?php-fpm.conf?/usr/local/php/etc/
WORKDIR?/usr/local/php
EXPOSE?9000
CMD?["php-fpm"]
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?build?-t??php:v1?-f?Dockerfile-php?.
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?images
REPOSITORY??????????TAG?????????????????IMAGE?ID????????????CREATED?????????????SIZE
php?????????????????v1??????????????????402fe17abd8f????????4?seconds?ago???????522MB
nginx???????????????v1??????????????????d25e10f6dc2f????????15?minutes?ago??????369MB
centos??????????????7???????????????????9f38484d220f????????4?months?ago????????202MB
[root@localhost?first_stage]#

構建Tomcat基礎鏡像:

[root@localhost?first_stage]#?sed?-i?"s/8.0.52/8.0.46/g"?Dockerfile-tomcat?
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?cat?Dockerfile-tomcat?
FROM?centos:7
MAINTAINER?www.dengaosky.com

ENV?VERSION=8.0.46

RUN?yum?install?java-1.8.0-openjdk?wget?curl?unzip?iproute?net-tools?-y?&&?\
????yum?clean?all?&&?\
????rm?-rf?/var/cache/yum/*

#RUN?wget?http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v${VERSION}/bin/apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz?&&?\
RUN?wget?http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v${VERSION}/bin/apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz?&&?\
????tar?zxf?apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz?&&?\
????mv?apache-tomcat-${VERSION}?/usr/local/tomcat?&&?\
????rm?-rf?apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz?/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/*?&&?\
????mkdir?/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test?&&?\
????echo?"ok"?>?/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/status.html?&&?\
????sed?-i?'1a?JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"'?/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh?&&?\
????ln?-sf?/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai?/etc/localtime

ENV?PATH?$PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin

WORKDIR?/usr/local/tomcat

EXPOSE?8080
CMD?["catalina.sh",?"run"]
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?build?-t??tomcat:v1?-f?Dockerfile-tomcat?.
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?images
REPOSITORY??????????TAG?????????????????IMAGE?ID????????????CREATED?????????????SIZE
tomcat??????????????v1??????????????????118b74bae95f????????52?seconds?ago??????427MB
php?????????????????v1??????????????????402fe17abd8f????????55?minutes?ago??????522MB
nginx???????????????v1??????????????????d25e10f6dc2f????????About?an?hour?ago???369MB
centos??????????????7???????????????????9f38484d220f????????4?months?ago????????202MB
[root@localhost?first_stage]#

5. 快速搭建LNMP網站平臺

快速部署LNMP網站平臺
1、自定義網絡?
docker?network?create?lnmp
2、創建Mysql容器?
docker?run?-d?\
?--name?lnmp_mysql?\
?--net?lnmp?\
?--mount?src=mysql-vol,dst=/var/lib/mysql?\
?-e?MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456?-e?MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress?mysql:5.7??--character-set-server=utf8?
3、創建PHP容器?
docker?run?-d?--name?lnmp_php?--net?lnmp?--mount?src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot?php:v1?
4、創建Nginx容器?
docker?run?-d?--name?lnmp_nginx?--net?lnmp?-p?88:80?\
?--mount?type=bind,src=$(pwd)/nginx.conf,dst=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf?--mount?src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot?nginx:v1?
5、以wordpress博客為例?https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

實戰演練：

創建自定義網絡
[root@localhost?~]#?docker?network?create?lnmp
e206a2a632cf78430fc6c32d6f50a810c0a8f3ad8ad32287b354cad32de04aac
[root@localhost?~]#?
[root@localhost?~]#?docker?network?ls
NETWORK?ID??????????NAME????????????????DRIVER??????????????SCOPE
67d8c68783da????????bridge??????????????bridge??????????????local
2b6c8c029f58????????host????????????????host????????????????local
e206a2a632cf????????lnmp????????????????bridge??????????????local
fc002cd520b3????????none????????????????null????????????????local
[root@localhost?~]#?

查看創建的容器
[root@localhost?~]#?docker?ps?-a
CONTAINER?ID????????IMAGE???????????????COMMAND?????????????CREATED?????????????STATUS??????????????PORTS???????????????NAMES
[root@localhost?~]#

查看創建的卷：
[root@localhost?~]#?docker?volume?ls
DRIVER??????????????VOLUME?NAME
[root@localhost?~]

創建Mysql容器
docker?run?-d?\
?--name?lnmp_mysql?\
?--net?lnmp?\
?--mount?src=mysql-vol,dst=/var/lib/mysql?\
?-e?MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456?-e?MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress?mysql:5.7??--character-set-server=utf8

創建PHP容器?
docker?run?-d?--name?lnmp_php?--net?lnmp?--mount?src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot?php:v1

創建Nginx容器?
docker?run?-d?--name?lnmp_nginx?--net?lnmp?-p?88:80?\
?--mount?type=bind,src=$(pwd)/nginx.conf,dst=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf?--mount?src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot?nginx:v1??#保證當前目錄下有nginx.conf文件
?
掛載后會自動創建本地卷mysql-vol、wwwroot
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?volume?ls
DRIVER??????????????VOLUME?NAME
local???????????????mysql-vol
local???????????????wwwroot
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?docker?ps?-a????
CONTAINER?ID????????IMAGE???????????????COMMAND??????????????????CREATED?????????????STATUS??????????????PORTS?????????????????NAMES
e09f16c2e561????????nginx:v1????????????"nginx?-g?'daemon?of…"???55?seconds?ago??????Up?54?seconds???????0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp????lnmp_nginx
cc9ca12735fd????????php:v1??????????????"php-fpm"????????????????4?minutes?ago???????Up?4?minutes????????9000/tcp??????????????lnmp_php
22217c6c82ce????????mysql:5.7???????????"docker-entrypoint.s…"???5?minutes?ago???????Up?5?minutes????????3306/tcp,?33060/tcp???lnmp_mysql
[root@localhost?first_stage]#

創建靜態測試頁面：
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?ls?/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/
[root@localhost?first_stage]#
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?echo?"<h2>Hello,World.</h2>">/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/index.html

瀏覽器訪問：
http://192.168.16.121:88/??顯示內容為：Hello,World.

創建動態測試頁面：
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?echo?"<?php?phpinfo();??>">/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/test.php

瀏覽器訪問：
http://192.168.16.121:88/test.php??顯示內容為：Hello,World.

部署wordpress博客：
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?wget?https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?rm?-rf?/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/*
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?tar?xf?wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz?
[root@localhost?first_stage]#?mv?wordpress/*?/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/

瀏覽器訪問：
http://192.168.16.121:88/index.php??顯示內容為：WordPress部署向導.

數據庫名：wordpress
用戶名：root
密碼：123456
數據庫主機：lnmp_mysql
表前綴：wp_

提交

手工創建wp-config.php文件/var/lib/docker/volumes/wwwroot/_data/wp-config.php

現在安裝

站點標題：Jacky
用戶名：admin
密碼：123456
確認密碼：勾選“確認使用弱密碼”
您的電子郵件：admin@123.com

安裝WordPress

WordPress安裝向導如下所示：

到此為止，WordPress博客已搭建成功了。