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最近項目需要用到Spring Security的權限控制,故花了點時間簡單的去看了一下其權限控制相關的源碼(版本為4.2)。
AccessDecisionManager
spring security是通過AccessDecisionManager進行授權管理的,先來張官方圖鎮樓。
AccessDecisionManager
AccessDecisionManager 接口定義了如下方法:
//調用AccessDecisionVoter進行投票(關鍵方法) void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException; boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute); boolean supports(Class clazz);
接下來看看它的實現類的具體實現:
AffirmativeBased
public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException { int deny = 0; for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) { //調用AccessDecisionVoter進行vote(我們姑且稱之為投票吧),后面再看vote的源碼。 int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result); } switch (result) { case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED://值為1 //只要有voter投票為ACCESS_GRANTED,則通過 return; case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED://值為-1 deny++; break; default: break; } } if (deny > 0) { //如果有兩個及以上AccessDecisionVoter(姑且稱之為投票者吧)都投ACCESS_DENIED,則直接就不通過了 throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage( "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied")); } // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(); }
通過以上代碼可直接看到AffirmativeBased的策略:
UnanimousBased
public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) throws AccessDeniedException { int grant = 0; int abstain = 0; List<ConfigAttribute> singleAttributeList = new ArrayList<ConfigAttribute>(1); singleAttributeList.add(null); for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) { singleAttributeList.set(0, attribute); for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) { //配置的投票者進行投票 int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, singleAttributeList); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result); } switch (result) { case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED: grant++; break; case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED: //只要有投票者投反對票就立馬判為無權訪問 throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage( "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied")); default: abstain++; break; } } } // To get this far, there were no deny votes if (grant > 0) { //如果沒反對票且有通過票,那么就判為通過 return; } // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(); }
由此可見UnanimousBased的策略:
ConsensusBased
public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException { int grant = 0; int deny = 0; int abstain = 0; for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) { //配置的投票者進行投票 int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result); } switch (result) { case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED: grant++; break; case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED: deny++; break; default: abstain++; break; } } if (grant > deny) { //通過的票數大于反對的票數則判為通過 return; } if (deny > grant) { //通過的票數小于反對的票數則判為不通過 throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage( "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied")); } if ((grant == deny) && (grant != 0)) { //this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions默認為true //通過的票數和反對的票數相等,則可根據配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions進行判斷是否通過 if (this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions) { return; } else { throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage( "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied")); } } // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(); }
由此可見,ConsensusBased的策略:
到此,應該明白AffirmativeBased、UnanimousBased、ConsensusBased三者的區別了吧,spring security默認使用的是AffirmativeBased, 如果有需要,可配置為其它兩個,也可自己去實現。
投票者
以上AccessDecisionManager的實現類都只是對權限(投票)進行管理(策略的實現),具體投票(vote)的邏輯是通過調用AccessDecisionVoter的子類(投票者)的vote方法實現的。spring security默認注冊了RoleVoter和AuthenticatedVoter兩個投票者。下面來看看其源碼。
AccessDecisionManager
boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute); boolean supports(Class<?> clazz); //核心方法,此方法由上面介紹的的AccessDecisionManager調用,子類實現此方法進行投票。 int vote(Authentication authentication, S object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes);
RoleVoter
private String rolePrefix = "ROLE_"; //只處理ROLE_開頭的(可通過配置rolePrefix的值進行改變) public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) { if ((attribute.getAttribute() != null) && attribute.getAttribute().startsWith(getRolePrefix())) { return true; } else { return false; } } public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) { if(authentication == null) { //用戶沒通過認證,則投反對票 return ACCESS_DENIED; } int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN; //獲取用戶實際的權限 Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = extractAuthorities(authentication); for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) { if (this.supports(attribute)) { result = ACCESS_DENIED; // Attempt to find a matching granted authority for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) { if (attribute.getAttribute().equals(authority.getAuthority())) { //權限匹配則投通過票 return ACCESS_GRANTED; } } } } //如果處理過,但沒投通過票,則為反對票,如果沒處理過,那么視為棄權(ACCESS_ABSTAIN)。 return result; }
很簡單吧,同時,我們還可以通過實現AccessDecisionManager來擴展自己的voter。但是,要實現這個,我們還必須得弄清楚attributes這個參數是從哪兒來的,這個是個很關鍵的參數啊。通過一張官方圖能很清晰的看出這個問題來:
接下來,就看看AccessDecisionManager的調用者AbstractSecurityInterceptor。
AbstractSecurityInterceptor
... //上面說過默認是AffirmativeBased,可配置 private AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager; ... protected InterceptorStatusToken beforeInvocation(Object object) { ... //抽象方法,子類實現,但由此也可看出ConfigAttribute是由SecurityMetadataSource(實際上,默認是DefaultFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource)獲取。 Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes = this.obtainSecurityMetadataSource() .getAttributes(object); ... //獲取當前認證過的用戶信息 Authentication authenticated = authenticateIfRequired(); try { //調用AccessDecisionManager this.accessDecisionManager.decide(authenticated, object, attributes); } catch (AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) { publishEvent(new AuthorizationFailureEvent(object, attributes, authenticated, accessDeniedException)); throw accessDeniedException; } ... } public abstract SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource();
以上方法都是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子類(默認是FilterSecurityInterceptor)調用,那就再看看吧:
FilterSecurityInterceptor
... //SecurityMetadataSource的實現類,由此可見,可通過外部配置。這也說明我們可以通過自定義SecurityMetadataSource的實現類來擴展出自己實際需要的ConfigAttribute private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource; ... //入口 public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain); //關鍵方法 invoke(fi); } public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException { if ((fi.getRequest() != null) && (fi.getRequest().getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) != null) && observeOncePerRequest) { // filter already applied to this request and user wants us to observe // once-per-request handling, so don't re-do security checking fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); } else { // first time this request being called, so perform security checking if (fi.getRequest() != null) { fi.getRequest().setAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED, Boolean.TRUE); } //在這兒調用了父類(AbstractSecurityInterceptor)的方法, 也就調用了accessDecisionManager InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi); try { fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse()); } finally { super.finallyInvocation(token); } //完了再執行(父類的方法),一前一后,AOP無處不在啊 super.afterInvocation(token, null); } }
好啦,到此應該對于Spring Security的權限管理比較清楚了。看完這個,不知你是否能擴展出一套適合自己需求的權限需求來呢,如果還不太清楚,那也沒關系,下篇就實戰一下,根據它來開發一套自己的權限體系。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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