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springboot 對新人來說可能上手比springmvc要快，但是對于各位從springmvc轉戰到springboot的話，有些地方還需要適應下，尤其是xml配置。我個人是比較喜歡注解➕xml是因為看著方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事務使用注解的玩法。
springboot的事務也主要分為兩大類，一是xml聲明式事務，二是注解事務，注解事務也可以實現類似聲明式事務的方法，關于注解聲明式事務，目前網上搜索不到合適的資料，所以在這里，我將自己查找和總結的幾個方法寫到這里，大家共同探討
springboot 之 xml事務
可以使用 @ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml") 引入該xml的配置，xml的配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="cftxAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" ></tx:method>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" order="0" />
</aop:config>
</beans>
springboot 啟動類如下：
package com.example.fm;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml")
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
啟動后即可開啟事務，不過項目里導入了xml配置，如果不想導入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。
springboot 之 注解事務
注解事務講解之前，需要先了解下spring創建代理的幾個類,在spring內部，是通過BeanPostProcessor來完成自動創建代理工作的。BeanPostProcessor接口的實現只是在ApplicationContext初始化的時候才會自動加載，而普通的BeanFactory只能通過編程的方式調用之。根據 匹配規則的不同大致分為三種類別：
a、匹配Bean的名稱自動創建匹配到的Bean的代理，實現類BeanNameAutoProxyCreator
<bean id="testInterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testInerceptor”></bean> <bean id="profileAutoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework. autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyProxyCreator"> <bean> <property name="beanNames"> <list> <value>*Service</value> </list> </property> <property name="interceptorNames"> <value> testInterceptor </value> </property> </bean>
b、根據Bean中的AspectJ注解自動創建代理，實現類AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>
<bean id="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest" class="com.example.service.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:aspect ref="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest">
<aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
c、根據Advisor的匹配機制自動創建代理，會對容器中所有的Advisor進行掃描，自動將這些切面應用到匹配的Bean中，實現類DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
接下來開講注解開啟事務的方法：
1、Transactional注解事務
需要在進行事物管理的方法上添加注解@Transactional，或者偷懶的話直接在類上面添加該注解，使得所有的方法都進行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事務管理的類上都添加，工作量比較大，這里只是簡單說下，具體的可以google或者bing
2、注解聲明式事務
Component或Configuration中bean的區別，有時間我會專門寫一篇來講解下
a.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.aop.Advisor;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
* Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
*/
@Aspect
//@Component 事務依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAdviceInterceptor {
private static final int TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT = 5;
private static final String AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
@Autowired
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
@Bean
public TransactionInterceptor txAdvice() {
NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
/*只讀事務，不做更新操作*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
/*當前存在事務就使用當前事務，當前不存在事務就創建一個新的事務*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
requiredTx.setTimeout(TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT);
Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
source.setNameMap( txMap );
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, source);
return txAdvice;
}
@Bean
public Advisor txAdviceAdvisor() {
AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
pointcut.setExpression(AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION);
return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice());
//return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice);
}
}
b.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
* Created by guozp on 2017/8/29.
*/
//@Component 事務依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAnoConfig {
/*事務攔截類型*/
@Bean("txSource")
public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource(){
NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
/*只讀事務，不做更新操作*/
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
/*當前存在事務就使用當前事務，當前不存在事務就創建一個新的事務*/
//RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
//requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
// Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
//requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,
Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
requiredTx.setTimeout(5);
Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
source.setNameMap( txMap );
return source;
}
/**切面攔截規則 參數會自動從容器中注入*/
@Bean
public AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor(TransactionInterceptor txInterceptor){
AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = new AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor();
pointcutAdvisor.setAdvice(txInterceptor);
pointcutAdvisor.setExpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))");
return pointcutAdvisor;
}
/*事務攔截器*/
@Bean("txInterceptor")
TransactionInterceptor getTransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager tx){
return new TransactionInterceptor(tx , transactionAttributeSource()) ;
}
}
c.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務都可以生效
package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
* Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
*
*/
//@Component
@Configuration
public class TxConfigBeanName {
@Autowired
private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;
// 創建事務通知
@Bean(name = "txAdvice")
public TransactionInterceptor getAdvisor() throws Exception {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("save*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
properties.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
TransactionInterceptor tsi = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager,properties);
return tsi;
}
@Bean
public BeanNameAutoProxyCreator txProxy() {
BeanNameAutoProxyCreator creator = new BeanNameAutoProxyCreator();
creator.setInterceptorNames("txAdvice");
creator.setBeanNames("*Service", "*ServiceImpl");
creator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
return creator;
}
}
d.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration并不是所有事務都可以生效，例如Configuration的時候如果打開注釋部分的而且不把代碼都移動到 defaultPointcutAdvisor()，事物會失效，具體原因暫時不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指點我下。
ackage com.alibaba.fm9.config;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
* Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
* ???????
*/
@Configuration //事務失效,都移動到一個方法不失效
//@Component // 事務可行，不用都移動到一個方法
public class TxOtherConfigDefaultBean {
public static final String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
@Autowired
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
//@Bean
//@ConditionalOnMissingBean
//public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
// return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
//}
@Bean
public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {
Properties attributes = new Properties();
attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
//TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager(), attributes);
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
return txAdvice;
}
//@Bean
//public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){
// AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
// pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
// return pointcut;
//}
@Bean
public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){
//AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
//pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
//DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
//advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
//advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());
AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
Properties attributes = new Properties();
attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
advisor.setAdvice(txAdvice);
return advisor;
}
}
簡單來說，springboot使用上述注解的幾種方式開啟事物，可以達到和xml中聲明的同樣效果，但是卻告別了xml，使你的代碼遠離配置文件。
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringBoot 注解事務聲明式事務的方式，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對億速云網站的支持！
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