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小編給大家分享一下基于Vue如何實現移動端圖片裁剪組件功能,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后都有所收獲,下面讓我們一起去探討吧!
最近項目上要做一個車牌識別的功能。本來以為很簡單,只需要將圖片扔給后臺就可以了,但是經測試后識別率只有20-40%。因此產品建議拍攝圖片后,可以對圖片進行拖拽和縮放,然后裁剪車牌部分上傳給后臺來提高識別率。剛開始的話還是百度了一下看看有沒有現成的組件,但是找來找去都沒有找到一個合適的,還好這個功能不是很著急,因此自己周末就在家里研究一下。
Demo地址:https://vivialex.github.io/demo/imageClipper/index.html
下載地址:https://github.com/vivialex/vue-imageClipper
因為移動端是用vue,所以就寫成了一個vue組件,下面就說說自己的一些實現思路(本人技術有限,各位大神請體諒。另外展示的代碼不一定是某個功能的完整代碼),先看看效果:
一、組件的初始化參數
1、圖片img(url或者base64 data-url)
2、截圖的寬clipperImgWidth
3、截圖的高clipperImgHeight
props: { img: String, //url或dataUrl clipperImgWidth: { type: Number, default: 500 }, clipperImgHeight: { type: Number, default: 200 } }
二、布局
在Z軸方向看主要是由4層組成。第1層是一個占滿整個容器的canvas(稱cCanvas);第2層是一個有透明度的遮罩層;第3層是裁剪的區域(示例圖中的白色方框),里面包含一個與裁剪區域大小相等的canvas(稱pCanvas);第4層是一個透明層gesture-mask,用作綁定touchstart,touchmove,touchend事件。其中兩個canvas都會加載同一張圖片,只是起始坐標不一樣。為什么需要兩個canvas?因為想做出當手指離開屏幕時,裁剪區域外的部分表面會有一個遮罩層的效果,這樣能突出裁剪區域的內容。
<div class="cut-container" ref="cut"> <canvas ref="canvas"></canvas> <!-- 裁剪部分 --> <div class="cut-part"> <div class="pCanvas-container"> <canvas ref="pCanvas"></canvas> </div> </div> <!-- 底部操作欄 --> <div class="action-bar"> <button class="btn-cancel" @click="_cancel">取消</button> <button class="btn-ok" @click="_cut">確認</button> </div> <!-- 背景遮罩 --> <div class="mask" :class="{opacity: maskShow}"></div> <!-- 手勢操作層 --> <div class="gesture-mask" ref="gesture"></div> </div>
三、初始化canvas
canvas繪制的圖片在hdpi顯示屏上會出現模糊,具體原因這里不作分析,可以參考下這里。我這里的做法是讓canvas的width與height為其css width/height的devicePixelRatio倍,以及調用canvas api時所傳入的參數都要乘以window.devicePixelRatio。最后還要記錄一下兩個canvas坐標原點的x, y差值(originXDiff與originYDiff)。如下
_ratio(size) { return parseInt(window.devicePixelRatio * size); }, _initCanvas() { let $canvas = this.$refs.canvas, $pCanvas = this.$refs.pCanvas, clipperClientRect = this.$refs.clipper.getBoundingClientRect(), clipperWidth = parseInt(this.clipperImgWidth / window.devicePixelRatio), clipperHeight = parseInt(this.clipperImgHeight / window.devicePixelRatio); this.ctx = $canvas.getContext('2d'); this.pCtx = $pCanvas.getContext('2d'); //判斷clipperWidth與clipperHeight有沒有超過容器值 if (clipperWidth < 0 || clipperWidth > clipperClientRect.width) { clipperWidth = 250 } if (clipperHeight < 0 || clipperHeight > clipperClientRect.height) { clipperHeight = 100 } //因為canvas在手機上會被放大,因此里面的內容會模糊,這里根據手機的devicePixelRatio來放大canvas,然后再通過設置css來收縮,因此關于canvas的所有值或坐標都要乘以devicePixelRatio $canvas.style.width = clipperClientRect.width + 'px'; $canvas.style.height = clipperClientRect.height + 'px'; $canvas.width = this._ratio(clipperClientRect.width); $canvas.height = this._ratio(clipperClientRect.height); $pCanvas.style.width = clipperWidth + 'px'; $pCanvas.style.height = clipperHeight + 'px'; $pCanvas.width = this._ratio(clipperWidth); $pCanvas.height = this._ratio(clipperHeight); //計算兩個canvas原點的x y差值 let cClientRect = $canvas.getBoundingClientRect(), pClientRect = $pCanvas.getBoundingClientRect(); this.originXDiff = pClientRect.left - cClientRect.left; this.originYDiff = pClientRect.top - cClientRect.top; this.cWidth = cClientRect.width; this.cHeight = cClientRect.height; }
四、加載圖片
加載圖片比較簡單,首先是創建一個Image對象并監聽器onload事件(因為加載的圖片有可能是跨域的,因此要設置其crossOrigin屬性為Anonymous,然后服務器上要設置Access-Control-Allow-Origin響應頭)。加載的圖片如果寬高大于容器的寬高,要對其進行縮小處理。最后垂直水平居中顯示()(這里注意的是要保存圖片繪制前的寬高值,因為日后縮放圖片是以該值為基礎再乘以縮放倍率,這里取imgStartWidth,imgStartHeight)如下
_loadImg() { if (this.imgLoading || this.loadImgQueue.length === 0) { return; } let img = this.loadImgQueue.shift(); if (!img) { return; } let $img = new Image(), onLoad = e => { $img.removeEventListener('load', onLoad, false); this.$img = $img; this.imgLoaded = true; this.imgLoading = false; this._initImg($img.width, $img.height); this.$emit('loadSuccess', e); this.$emit('loadComplete', e); this._loadImg(); }, onError = e => { $img.removeEventListener('error', onError, false); this.$img = $img = null; this.imgLoading = false; this.$emit('loadError', e); this.$emit('loadComplete', e); this._loadImg(); }; this.$emit('beforeLoad'); this.imgLoading = true; this.imgLoaded = false; $img.src = this.img; $img.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous'; //因為canvas toDataUrl不能操作未經允許的跨域圖片,這需要服務器設置Access-Control-Allow-Origin頭 $img.addEventListener('load', onLoad, false); $img.addEventListener('error', onError, false); } _initImg(w, h) { let eW = null, eH = null, maxW = this.cWidth, maxH = this.cHeight - this.actionBarHeight; //如果圖片的寬高都少于容器的寬高,則不做處理 if (w <= maxW && h <= maxH) { eW = w; eH = h; } else if (w > maxW && h <= maxH) { eW = maxW; eH = parseInt(h / w * maxW); } else if (w <= maxW && h > maxH) { eW = parseInt(w / h * maxH); eH = maxH; } else { //判斷是橫圖還是豎圖 if (h > w) { eW = parseInt(w / h * maxH); eH = maxH; } else { eW = maxW; eH = parseInt(h / w * maxW); } } if (eW <= maxW && eH <= maxH) { //記錄其初始化的寬高,日后的縮放功能以此值為基礎 this.imgStartWidth = eW; this.imgStartHeight = eH; this._drawImage((maxW - eW) / 2, (maxH - eH) / 2, eW, eH); } else { this._initImg(eW, eH); } }
五、繪制圖片
下面的_drawImage有四個參數,分別是圖片對應cCanvas的x,y坐標以及圖片目前的寬高w,h。函數首先會清空兩個canvas的內容,方法是重新設置canvas的寬高。然后更新組件實例中對應的值,最后再調用兩個canvas的drawImage去繪制圖片。對于pCanvas來說,其繪制的圖片坐標值為x,y減去對應的originXDiff與originYDiff(其實相當于切換坐標系顯示而已,因此只需要減去兩個坐標系原點的x,y差值即可)。看看代碼
_drawImage(x, y, w, h) { this._clearCanvas(); this.imgX = parseInt(x); this.imgY = parseInt(y); this.imgCurrentWidth = parseInt(w); this.imgCurrentHeight = parseInt(h); //更新canvas this.ctx.drawImage(this.$img, this._ratio(x), this._ratio(y), this._ratio(w), this._ratio(h)); //更新pCanvas,只需要減去兩個canvas坐標原點對應的差值即可 this.pCtx.drawImage(this.$img, this._ratio(x - this.originXDiff), this._ratio(y - this.originYDiff), this._ratio(w), this._ratio(h)); }, _clearCanvas() { let $canvas = this.$refs.canvas, $pCanvas = this.$refs.pCanvas; $canvas.width = $canvas.width; $canvas.height = $canvas.height; $pCanvas.width = $pCanvas.width; $pCanvas.height = $pCanvas.height; }
六、移動圖片
移動圖片實現非常簡單,首先給gesture-mask綁定touchstart,touchmove,touchend事件,下面分別介紹這三個事件的內容
首先定義四個變量scx, scy(手指的起始坐標),iX,iY(圖片目前的坐標,相對于cCanvas)。
1、touchstart
方法很簡單,就是獲取touches[0]的pageX,pageY來更新scx與scy以及更新iX與iY
2、touchmove
獲取touches[0]的pageX,聲明變量f1x存放,移動后的x坐標等于iX + f1x - scx,y坐標同理,最后調用_drawImage來更新圖片。
看看代碼吧
_initEvent() { let $gesture = this.$refs.gesture, scx = 0, scy = 0; let iX = this.imgX, iY = this.imgY; $gesture.addEventListener('touchstart', e => { if (!this.imgLoaded) { return; } let finger = e.touches[0]; scx = finger.pageX; scy = finger.pageY; iX = this.imgX; iY = this.imgY; }, false); $gesture.addEventListener('touchmove', e => { e.preventDefault(); if (!this.imgLoaded) { return; } let f1x = e.touches[0].pageX, f1y = e.touches[0].pageY; this._drawImage(iX + f1x - scx, iY + f1y - scy, this.imgCurrentWidth, this.imgCurrentHeight); }, false); }
七、縮放圖片(這里不作特別說明的坐標都是相對于cCanvas坐標系)
繪制縮放后的圖片無非需要4個參數,縮放后圖片左上角的坐標以及寬高。求寬高相對好辦,寬高等于imgStartWidth * 縮放比率與imgstartHeight * 縮放倍率(imgStartWidth ,imgstartHeight 上文第四節有提到)。接下來就是求縮放倍率的問題了,首先在touchstart事件上求取兩手指間的距離d1;然后在touchmove事件上繼續求取兩手指間的距離d2,當前縮放倍率= 初始縮放倍率 + (d2-d1) / 步長(例如每60px算0.1),touchend事件上讓初始縮放倍率=當前縮放倍率。
至于如何求取縮放后圖片左上角的坐標值,在草稿紙上畫來畫去,畫了很久......終于有點眉目。首先要找到一個縮放中心(這里做法是取雙指的中點坐標,但是這個坐標必須要位于圖片上,如果不在圖片上,則取圖片上離該中點坐標最近的點),然后存在下面這個等式
(縮放中心x坐標 - 縮放后圖片左上角x坐標)/ 縮放后圖片的寬度 = (縮放中心x坐標 - 縮放前圖片左上角x坐標)/ 縮放前圖片的寬度;(y坐標同理)
接下來看看下面這個例子(在visio找了很久都沒有畫坐標系的功能,所以只能手工畫了)
綠色框是一張10*5的圖片,藍色框是寬高放大兩倍后的圖片20*10,根據上面的公式推算的x2 = sx - w2(sx - x1) / w1,y2 = sy - h3(sy - y1) / h2。
堅持...繼續看看代碼吧
_initEvent() { let $gesture = this.$refs.gesture, cClientRect = this.$refs.canvas.getBoundingClientRect(), scx = 0, //對于單手操作是移動的起點坐標,對于縮放是圖片距離兩手指的中點最近的圖標。 scy = 0, fingers = {}; //記錄當前有多少只手指在觸控屏幕 //one finger let iX = this.imgX, iY = this.imgY; //two finger let figureDistance = 0, pinchScale = this.imgScale; $gesture.addEventListener('touchstart', e => { if (!this.imgLoaded) { return; } if (e.touches.length === 1) { let finger = e.touches[0]; scx = finger.pageX; scy = finger.pageY; iX = this.imgX; iY = this.imgY; fingers[finger.identifier] = finger; } else if (e.touches.length === 2) { let finger1 = e.touches[0], finger2 = e.touches[1], f1x = finger1.pageX - cClientRect.left, f1y = finger1.pageY - cClientRect.top, f2x = finger2.pageX - cClientRect.left, f2y = finger2.pageY - cClientRect.top; scx = parseInt((f1x + f2x) / 2); scy = parseInt((f1y + f2y) / 2); figureDistance = this._pointDistance(f1x, f1y, f2x, f2y); fingers[finger1.identifier] = finger1; fingers[finger2.identifier] = finger2; //判斷變換中點是否在圖片中,如果不是則去離圖片最近的點 if (scx < this.imgX) { scx = this.imgX; } if (scx > this.imgX + this.imgCurrentWidth) { scx = this.imgX + this.imgCurrentHeight; } if (scy < this.imgY) { scy = this.imgY; } if (scy > this.imgY + this.imgCurrentHeight) { scy = this.imgY + this.imgCurrentHeight; } } }, false); $gesture.addEventListener('touchmove', e => { e.preventDefault(); if (!this.imgLoaded) { return; } this.maskShowTimer && clearTimeout(this.maskShowTimer); this.maskShow = false; if (e.touches.length === 1) { let f1x = e.touches[0].pageX, f1y = e.touches[0].pageY; this._drawImage(iX + f1x - scx, iY + f1y - scy, this.imgCurrentWidth, this.imgCurrentHeight); } else if (e.touches.length === 2) { let finger1 = e.touches[0], finger2 = e.touches[1], f1x = finger1.pageX - cClientRect.left, f1y = finger1.pageY - cClientRect.top, f2x = finger2.pageX - cClientRect.left, f2y = finger2.pageY - cClientRect.top, newFigureDistance = this._pointDistance(f1x, f1y, f2x, f2y), scale = this.imgScale + parseFloat(((newFigureDistance - figureDistance) / this.imgScaleStep).toFixed(1)); fingers[finger1.identifier] = finger1; fingers[finger2.identifier] = finger2; if (scale !== pinchScale) { //目前縮放的最小比例是1,最大是5 if (scale < this.imgMinScale) { scale = this.imgMinScale; } else if (scale > this.imgMaxScale) { scale = this.imgMaxScale; } pinchScale = scale; this._scale(scx, scy, scale); } } }, false); $gesture.addEventListener('touchend', e => { if (!this.imgLoaded) { return; } this.imgScale = pinchScale; //從finger刪除已經離開的手指 let touches = Array.prototype.slice.call(e.changedTouches, 0); touches.forEach(item => { delete fingers[item.identifier]; }); //迭代fingers,如果存在finger則更新scx,scy,iX,iY,因為可能縮放后立即單指拖動 let i, fingerArr = []; for(i in fingers) { if (fingers.hasOwnProperty(i)) { fingerArr.push(fingers[i]); } } if (fingerArr.length > 0) { scx = fingerArr[0].pageX; scy = fingerArr[0].pageY; iX = this.imgX; iY = this.imgY; } else { this.maskShowTimer = setTimeout(() => { this.maskShow = true; }, 300); } //做邊界值檢測 let x = this.imgX, y = this.imgY, pClientRect = this.$refs.pCanvas.getBoundingClientRect(); if (x > pClientRect.left + pClientRect.width) { x = pClientRect.left } else if (x + this.imgCurrentWidth < pClientRect.left) { x = pClientRect.left + pClientRect.width - this.imgCurrentWidth; } if (y > pClientRect.top + pClientRect.height) { y = pClientRect.top; } else if (y + this.imgCurrentHeight < pClientRect.top) { y = pClientRect.top + pClientRect.height - this.imgCurrentHeight; } if (this.imgX !== x || this.imgY !== y) { this._drawImage(x, y, this.imgCurrentWidth, this.imgCurrentHeight); } }); }, _scale(x, y, scale) { let newPicWidth = parseInt(this.imgStartWidth * scale), newPicHeight = parseInt(this.imgStartHeight * scale), newIX = parseInt(x - newPicWidth * (x - this.imgX) / this.imgCurrentWidth), newIY = parseInt(y - newPicHeight * (y - this.imgY) / this.imgCurrentHeight); this._drawImage(newIX, newIY, newPicWidth, newPicHeight); }, _pointDistance(x1, y1, x2, y2) { return parseInt(Math.sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2))); }
說明一下fingers是干嘛的,是用來記錄當前有多少只手指在屏幕上觸摸。可能會出現這種情況,雙指縮放后,其中一只手指移出顯示屏,而另外一個手指在顯示屏上移動。針對這種情況,要在touchend事件上根據e.changedTouches來移除fingers里已經離開顯示屏的finger,如果此時fingers里只剩下一個finger,則更新scx,scy,iX,iY為移動圖片做初始化準備。
八、裁剪圖片
這里很簡單,就調用pCanvas的toDataURL方法就可以了
_clipper() { let imgData = null; try { imgData = this.$refs.pCanvas.toDataURL(); } catch (e) { console.error('請在response header加上Access-Control-Allow-Origin,否則canvas無法裁剪未經許可的跨域圖片'); } this.$emit('sure', imgData); }
看完了這篇文章,相信你對“基于Vue如何實現移動端圖片裁剪組件功能”有了一定的了解,如果想了解更多相關知識,歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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