python怎么實現12306登錄并保存cookie

小編給大家分享一下python怎么實現12306登錄并保存cookie，相信大部分人都還不怎么了解，因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲，下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧！

經過倒騰12306的登錄,還是實現了,請求頭很重要，代碼如下：

import sys
import time
import requests
from PIL import Image
import json
import os
import Headers
import SessionUtil
import UrlUtils
 
class Ticket(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.answer = {
      "1": "40,40",
      "2": "110,40",
      "3": "180,40",
      "4": "260,40",
      "5": "40,120",
      "6": "110,120",
      "7": "180,120",
      "8": "260,120",
    }
    self.answer_code=''
    self.tk = ''
 
  def getDEVICEID(self):
    r = requests.get(UrlUtils.DEVICE_url, headers=Headers.BaseHead).text
    try:
      dic = json.loads(r[18:-2].replace(" ", ""))
    except Exception:
      return ""
    return dic
 
  # 初始化 獲取設備id 設置為cookie 必須
  def initialize(self):
    dic = self.getDEVICEID()
    if dic == "":
      print("網絡獲取指紋失敗!使用默認id")
      RAIL_EXPIRATION = "1576651914389"
      RAIL_DEVICEID = "lBJStCNl0YGo_HVkGtwOo2LWziXcwzpIk5gc2vAILNYdRfaeZ04nJtZ1JZwgQIssMDksn10rAz6Hz-bekeufhAusaKJId8f2BCg05ocgrzc8-chv8h5IB-lQ9H04XjLXr2fbnHw-SLZga3PewEfgPz2s-mhp7NAz"
    else:
      print("網絡獲取指紋成功!")
      RAIL_EXPIRATION = dic["exp"]
      RAIL_DEVICEID = dic['dfp']
    SessionUtil.setCookie("RAIL_EXPIRATION", RAIL_EXPIRATION)
    SessionUtil.setCookie("RAIL_DEVICEID", RAIL_DEVICEID)
 
  def conf(self):
    res = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Conf_url, data=None, headers=Headers.ConFHeader)
 
  def uamtkstatic(self):
    data = {
      'appid': 'otn'
    }
    SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.UamtkStatic_url, data=data, headers=Headers.UamtkStaticHead)
 
  def get_img_code(self):
    try:
      img = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Down_mg_url, headers=Headers.BaseHead).content
      with open('code.jpg', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(img)
    except Exception:
      print("下載圖片錯誤! 等待重試~~")
      time.sleep(1)
      self.get_img_code()
 
  def check_img(self):
    try:
      Image.open('code.jpg').show()
    except Exception:
      time.sleep(2)
      Image.open('code.jpg').show()
    print("+---1-------+----------+----------+----------+")
    print("|  1   |  2   |  3   |  4   |")
    print("|----------|----------|----------|----------|")
    print("|  5   |  6   |  7   |  8   |")
    print("+----------+----------+----------+----------+")
    input_code = input("請在1—8中選擇輸入驗證圖片編號，以半角','隔開。(例如：1,3,5):")
    answer_code = ''
    try:
      for i in input_code.split(','):
        answer_code += ',' + self.answer[i] if (i is not input_code[0]) else self.answer[i]
    except Exception as e:
      print('輸入錯誤請重新輸入!')
      self.check_img()
    data = {
      'answer': answer_code,
      'rand': 'sjrand',
      'login_site': 'E',
    }
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Check_img_url, params=data, headers=Headers.BaseHead, )
    check_result = json.loads(response.text)
    print(check_result)
    try:
      if check_result['result_code'] == '4':
        print('*' * 20 + '驗證碼正確' + '*' * 20)
        self.answer_code=answer_code
      else:
        self.get_img_code()
        self.check_img()
    except Exception:
      self.get_img_code()
      self.check_img()
 
  # 校驗密碼正確
  def login(self, answer_code):
    user = ''
    password = ''
    try:
      with open("user.conf", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        user = f.readline().strip().replace("[", '').replace("]", '').replace("name=", '')
        password = f.readline().strip().replace("[", '').replace("]", '').replace("pwd=", '')
        if user == "" or password == "":
          raise Exception
    except Exception:
      user = input("賬號____:")
      password = input("密碼____:")
 
    formdata = {
      'username': user,
      'password': password,
      'appid': 'otn',
      'answer': answer_code
    }
    login_result = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Login_url, data=formdata, headers=Headers.BaseHead)
    login_result.encoding = 'utf-8'
    login_result = login_result.json()
    print(login_result)
    if login_result["result_code"] != 0: #{'result_message': '登錄名不存在。', 'result_code': 1}
      sys.exit(0)
 
  # 二次校驗
  def userLogin(self):
    # 獲取一系列的cookie值才能真正的登錄成功
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.UserLogin_url, headers=Headers.UserLoginHead)
    # 更新JSESSIONID route
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Redirect_UserLogin_Url, headers=Headers.RedirectHead)
 
  def uamtk(self):
    # 獲取 tk 下一個請求需要提交 tk 值
    data = {'appid': 'otn'}
    uamtk_page = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Uamtk_url, data=data, headers=Headers.UamtkHeader)
    uamtk_page.encoding = 'utf-8'
    try:
      result = uamtk_page.json()
      print(result)
      if result['result_code'] != 0:
        raise Exception(result['result_message'])
      tk = result['newapptk']
      self.tk = tk
    except Exception:
      print("獲取tk失敗!")
      print("重試")
      self.run()
 
  def Uamauthclient(self):
    data = {'tk': self.tk}
    response = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Uamauthclient_url, data=data,
                      headers=Headers.UamauthclientHeader)
    res = response.text
    try:
      dic = json.loads(res)
      print(dic)
      print(dic["username"] + ",歡迎登錄!")
    except:
      print("登錄失敗!")
      self.run()
    # '{"result_code":0,"result_message":"驗證通過","username":"XXX","apptk":"36yslXHez3_68-LtHvhI61mZkranjdw6kT9j4UMwEqrw1w0"}'
 
  def saveCookie(self):
    SessionUtil.save_cookies("12306cookies.txt")
 
  def getInfo(self):
 
    try:
      re = SessionUtil.session.post("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/modifyUser/initQueryUserInfoApi",
                     headers=Headers.UserInfoHead)
      print(re.text)
    except:
      print("獲取失敗")
 
  def run(self):
    self.initialize()
    self.conf()
    self.uamtkstatic()
    self.get_img_code()
    self.check_img()
    self.login(self.answer_code)
    self.userLogin()
    self.uamtk()
    self.Uamauthclient()
    self.saveCookie()
    self.conf()
    self.getInfo()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  t = Ticket()
  result = "":
  try:
     with open("12306cookies.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fr:
      result = fr.read()
   except Exception:
     pass
  if result != "":
    SessionUtil.load_cookies("12306cookies.txt")
    t.initialize()
    t.conf()
    t.uamtkstatic()
    t.userLogin()
    t.uamtk()
    t.Uamauthclient()
    t.getInfo()
  else:
    t.run()

Headers:

BaseHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
}
 
UserLoginHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
  'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
}
RedirectHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
  'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
 
}
 
UamtkHeader = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/userLogin',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Accept': r'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
  'Origin': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn'
}
 
UamauthclientHeader = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  'Referer': r'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/userLogin',
}
ConFHeader = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
}
 
UamtkStaticHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
}
 
UserInfoHead = {
  "Accept": "*/*",
  "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
  "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8",
  "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
  "Connection": "keep-alive",
  "Content-Length": "0",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Origin": "https://kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Pragma": "no-cache",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/information.html",
  "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
  "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36",
  "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
}

SessionUtil

import requests
import urllib3
from http import cookiejar
urllib3.disable_warnings()
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False # 取消驗證 SSL
 
def setCookie(key,value):
  session.cookies.set(key,value)
 
 
def removeCookies(key=None):
  session.cookies.set(key, None) if key else session.cookies.clear()
 
 
def load_cookies(cookie_path="12306cookies.txt"):
  load_cookiejar = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar()
  load_cookiejar.load(cookie_path, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
  load_cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(load_cookiejar)
  session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(load_cookies)
 
def save_cookies(cookie_path="12306cookies.txt"):
  new_cookie_jar = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar(cookie_path)
  requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict({c.name: c.value for c in session.cookies}, new_cookie_jar)
  new_cookie_jar.save(cookie_path, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

UrlUtils

import time
DEVICE_url= 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/HttpZF/logdevice?algID=cS6Aw4inWV&hashCode=lZGX9bmwQGHuZPviiiBCrtoNPyHZ4pBG3jvF2dybZ6o&FMQw=0&q4f3=zh-CN&VySQ=FGGxHVb3AzlSM-oikvoZfGsTbD48DQud&VPIf=1&custID=133&VEek=unknown&dzuS=32.0 r0&yD16=0&EOQP=38437f3289ca7a613bb292a3de0dba2b&jp76=df7f80581243b062f0c64efc90666cd0&hAqN=Win32&platform=WEB&ks0Q=7523081fcf2454464b148398defb390a&TeRS=864x1536&tOHY=24xx864x1536&Fvje=i1l1o1s1&q5aJ=-8&wNLf=99115dfb07133750ba677d055874de87&0aew=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36&E3gR=7a13398746be6f51fe069c8a25001f12×tamp=' + str(round(time.time() * 1000))
 
#驗證碼下載地址
Down_mg_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand&{}'.format(int(time.time() * 1000))
 
#驗證碼 驗證地址
Check_img_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check'
#登錄地址 校驗賬號密碼
Login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login'
 
#二次校驗
UserLogin_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin'
 
#重定向二次校驗
Redirect_UserLogin_Url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/userLogin'
 
#獲取 tk關鍵 url
Uamtk_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk'
 
# 使用tk 校驗
Uamauthclient_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient'
 
#使用cookie直接 請求這個就可以訪問 api
Conf_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/conf'
 
 
UamtkStatic_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk-static'
 
initMy12306Api_url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306Api"[/mw_shl_code]

以上是“python怎么實現12306登錄并保存cookie”這篇文章的所有內容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學習更多知識，歡迎關注億速云行業資訊頻道！