物理機安裝minikube

Kubernetes（k8s）是自動化容器操作的開源平臺，基于這個平臺，你可以進行容器部署，資源調度和集群擴容等操作。如果你曾經用過Docker部署容器，那么可以將Docker看成Kubernetes底層使用的組件，Kubernetes是Docker的上層封裝，通過它可以很方便的進行Docker集群的管理。今天我們使用minikube在單機上進行Kubernetes集群的部署，目的是讓我們對k8s有個初步的認識。

Minikube 支持以下 Kubernetes 功能：

• DNS

• NodePorts

• ConfigMaps 和 Secrets

• Dashboards

• 容器運行時: Docker、CRI-O?以及?containerd

• 啟用 CNI （容器網絡接口）

• Ingress
  

1. 關閉安全策略
   

/usr/bin/systemctl?stop?firewalld
/usr/bin/systemctl?disable?firewalld
/usr/sbin/iptables?-F?&&?/usr/sbin/iptables?-X?&&?/usr/sbin/iptables?-F?-t?nat?&&?/usr/sbin/iptables?-X?-t?nat?&&?/usr/sbin/iptables?-P?FORWARD?ACCEPT
/usr/sbin/iptables?-P?FORWARD?ACCEPT
/usr/bin/sed?-i?'s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g'?/etc/selinux/config
setenforce?0

2. 安裝docker

yum?install?-y?epel-release
/usr/bin/yum?install?-y?conntrack?wget?net-tools?jq?yum-utils?ntpdate?ntp?ipvsadm?ipset?device-mapper-persistent-data?iptables?curl?sysstat?libseccomp?wget?lrzsz?bash-completion
yum-config-manager?--add-repo?http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum?install?-y?docker-ce-18.09.4?docker-ce-cli-18.09.4
systemctl?start?docker
systemctl?enable?docker

3.加載所有節點IPVS模塊

usr/sbin/modprobe?ip_vs
/usr/sbin/modprobe?ip_vs_rr
/usr/sbin/modprobe?ip_vs_wrr
/usr/sbin/modprobe?ip_vs_sh
/usr/sbin/modprobe?nf_conntrack_ipv4

4.關閉swap緩存

/usr/sbin/swapoff?-a
/usr/bin/sed?-i?'/?swap?/?s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g'?/etc/fstab

5.優化內核參數

cat?>/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf?<<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0?#?禁止使用?swap?空間，只有當系統?OOM?時才允許使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1?#?不檢查物理內存是否夠用
vm.panic_on_oom=0?#?開啟?OOM
vm.swappiness=0
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF

modprobe?br_netfilter
sysctl?-p?/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

以上步驟就是minikube的初始化環境，同時也是kubeadm的初始化環境，只是運行不同的命令而已，minikube內部就是運行kubeadm。

6.下載軟件

wget?https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.16.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod?+x?./kubectl
mv?./kubectl?/usr/local/bin/kubectl

curl?-Lo?minikube?https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/v1.4.0/minikube-linux-amd64?\
??&&?chmod?+x?minikube

國外網站，很慢，最好自己找資源（FQ）下載這兩個文件，我下載的k8是1.16.0版本，想下載最新版或指定版本就更改版本號就行。

7.運行minikubu

minikube?start?--image-repository='registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers'?--vm-driver=none

minikube start?命令可用于啟動集群。 此命令將創建并配置一臺虛擬機，使其運行單節點 Kubernetes 集群。指定國內鏡像，可省卻國外下載鏡像步驟，去網上翻minikube的文章，會發現基本上都是各種報錯，我是在一臺裸機上部署的，除了開發工具啥都沒裝， 此命令還會配置您的?kubectl?安裝，以便使其能與您的 Kubernetes 集群正確通信。

指定 VM 驅動程序

您可以通過將?--vm-driver=<enter_driver_name>?參數添加到?minikube start?來更改 VM 驅動程序。 例如命令：

minikube?start?--vm-driver=<driver_name>

Minikube 支持以下驅動程序：

注意：?有關支持的驅動程序以及如何安裝插件的詳細信息，請參閱驅動程序。

• virtualbox

• vmwarefusion

• kvm2 (驅動安裝)

• hyperkit (驅動安裝)

• hyperv (驅動安裝) 請注意，下面的 IP 是動態的，可以更改。可以使用?minikube ip?檢索。

• vmware (驅動安裝) （VMware 統一驅動）

• none (在主機上運行Kubernetes組件，而不是在 VM 中。使用該驅動依賴 Docker (安裝 Docker) 和 Linux 環境)

成功顯示

*?minikube?1.6.2?is?available!?Download?it:?https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases/tag/v1.6.2
*?To?disable?this?notice,?run:?'minikube?config?set?WantUpdateNotification?false'

!?minikube?v1.4.0?on?Centos?7.7.1908
*?Using?image?repository?registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
*?Running?on?localhost?(CPUs=4,?Memory=7521MB,?Disk=51175MB)?...
*?OS?release?is?CentOS?Linux?7?(Core)
*?Preparing?Kubernetes?v1.16.0?on?Docker?18.09.4?...
*?Downloading?kubeadm?v1.16.0
*?Downloading?kubelet?v1.16.0
*?Pulling?images?...
*?Launching?Kubernetes?...?
*?Configuring?local?host?environment?...
*?
!?The?'none'?driver?provides?limited?isolation?and?may?reduce?system?security?and?reliability.
!?For?more?information,?see:
??-?https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/drivers/none/
*?
!?kubectl?and?minikube?configuration?will?be?stored?in?/root
!?To?use?kubectl?or?minikube?commands?as?your?own?user,?you?may?need?to?relocate?them.?For?example,?to?overwrite?your?own?settings,?run:
*?
??-?sudo?mv?/root/.kube?/root/.minikube?$HOME
??-?sudo?chown?-R?$USER?$HOME/.kube?$HOME/.minikube
*?
*?This?can?also?be?done?automatically?by?setting?the?env?var?CHANGE_MINIKUBE_NONE_USER=true
*?Waiting?for:?apiserver?proxy?etcd?scheduler?controller?dns
*?Done!?kubectl?is?now?configured?to?use?"minikube"

在運行Pulling?images的時候另開個終端運行：
systemctl?enable?kubelet

在Pulling images的時候很慢，因為鏡像很多，有的很大，比較慢，可以通過docker images查看已經下載完成的鏡像，鏡像組件功能在這里不做介紹。

registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver????????????v1.16.0?????????????b305571ca60a????????4?months?ago????????217MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy????????????????v1.16.0?????????????c21b0c7400f9????????4?months?ago????????86.1MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager???v1.16.0?????????????06a629a7e51c????????4?months?ago????????163MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler????????????v1.16.0?????????????301ddc62b80b????????4?months?ago????????87.3MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd??????????????????????3.3.15-0????????????b2756210eeab????????4?months?ago????????247MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns???????????????????1.6.2???????????????bf261d157914????????5?months?ago????????44.1MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-addon-manager????????v9.0.2??????????????bd12a212f9dc????????5?months?ago????????83.1MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause?????????????????????3.1?????????????????da86e6ba6ca1????????2?years?ago?????????742kB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/storage-provisioner???????v1.8.1??????????????4689081edb10????????2?years?ago?????????80.8MB

8.添加快捷鍵

source?<(kubectl?completion?bash)
echo?"source?<(kubectl?completion?bash)"?>>~/.bashrc

9.測試

kubectl?get?nodes
NAME???????STATUS???ROLES????AGE????VERSION
minikube???Ready????master???2m8s???v1.16.0

kubectl?get?pods?-n?kube-system
NAME???????????????????????????????READY???STATUS????RESTARTS???AGE
coredns-67c766df46-2n8bz???????????1/1?????Running???1??????????43m
coredns-67c766df46-stttx???????????1/1?????Running???1??????????43m
etcd-minikube??????????????????????1/1?????Running???1??????????42m
kube-addon-manager-minikube????????1/1?????Running???1??????????42m
kube-apiserver-minikube????????????1/1?????Running???1??????????42m
kube-controller-manager-minikube???1/1?????Running???1??????????42m
kube-proxy-2v42d???????????????????1/1?????Running???1??????????43m
kube-scheduler-minikube????????????1/1?????Running???1??????????42m
storage-provisioner????????????????1/1?????Running???1??????????42m

10. 刪除集群

minikube?delete
rm?-rf?/root/.minikube