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這篇文章主要介紹了html5如何使用canvas制作彈幕功能，具有一定借鑒價值，感興趣的朋友可以參考下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲，下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
最近在著手開發彈幕視頻網站，通過html5中的canvas實現了彈幕的功能。
那么閑言碎語不要講，先說思路后上代碼。
思路：從頁面布局上來說就是將一塊畫布覆蓋在了video標簽產生的視頻窗口之上，使用絕對定位就能實現了。最重要的就是js控制畫布上彈幕的顯示了，每一個彈幕都包裝成一個對象，對象包含的屬性有彈幕應該出現的時間，彈幕的顏色，彈幕是否是移動的以及彈幕的文本。彈幕對象擁有方法包含：設置彈幕的橫縱坐標，彈幕的移動函數。實現的原理，在監聽視頻開始播放的事件，在視頻開始播放時生成一個定時器，定時器每隔一個時間去遍歷循環彈幕對象數組并根據對象的屬性在畫布的適當位置上繪制出彈幕，計時器中除了繪制彈幕的代碼還有執行更新彈幕數組的代碼。
下圖是彈幕效果截屏
那么下面開始直接上代碼：
(function () {
window.onload=function () {
var video = document.getElementsByTagName("video")[0]
var cav = document.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0]
//設置常量canvas的高度以及寬度
var cavWidth = 800
var cavHeight = 420
cav.width=cavWidth
cav.height=cavHeight
var ctx = cav.getContext("2d")
//存儲彈幕對象的數組
var capObjs = []
var lastItemTime
var capHeight = 20
var inputEle = document.getElementsByClassName("caption-input-text")[0]
var sendEle = document.getElementsByClassName("caption-sendButton")[0]
var colorUl = document.getElementsByClassName("colorItems")[0]
var ismoveInputEle = document.getElementsByClassName("caption-input-ismove")[0]
//彈幕顏色
var colors=["#fff","#FFCCCC","#CCFFCC","#CCCCFF","#FFFFCC","#CCFFFF"]
var selectedColorIndex = 0
var prevPlayTime = 0
//測試數據的數組
var testArrayCopy = []
var capobjId = 0
//彈幕在畫布中高度可能值組成的數組
var topObjs = [{blank:true , value : 20 ,index:0},
{blank:true , value : 50 ,index:1},
{blank:true , value : 80 ,index:2},
{blank:true , value : 110 ,index:3},
{blank:true , value : 140 ,index:4},
{blank:true , value : 170 ,index:5},
{blank:true , value : 200 ,index:6},
{blank:true , value : 230 ,index:7},
{blank:true , value : 260 ,index:8},
{blank:true , value : 290 ,index:9},
{blank:true , value : 320 ,index:10},
{blank:true , value : 350 ,index:11},
{blank:true , value : 380 ,index:12},
{blank:true , value : 410 ,index:13}]
//test data 測試數據
var testArray = [{content:"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",time:"1",ismove:false,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"干杯，哈哈哈~~~~~~",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"干杯，哈哈哈~~~~~~",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:4},
{content:"干杯，哈哈哈~~~~~~",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:4},
{content:"干杯，哈哈哈~~~~~~",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"干杯，哈哈哈~~~~~~",time:"2",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"3",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"4",ismove:false,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"5",ismove:true,colorIndex:4},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"6",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"7",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"8",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"9",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"233333333333333",time:"10",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"12",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"13",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"14",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"15",ismove:false,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"16",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"17",ismove:true,colorIndex:3},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"18",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"19",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"20",ismove:true,colorIndex:3},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"21",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老師說的非常好，我要好好學習了》》》》",time:"22",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"23",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"24",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"25",ismove:true,colorIndex:3},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"26",ismove:true,colorIndex:0},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"27",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"28",ismove:false,colorIndex:5},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"29",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"老鐵們，小禮物走一波了，小汽車小火箭刷起來吧=========",time:"30",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"31",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"32",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"33",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"33",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"34",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"35",ismove:true,colorIndex:5},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"36",ismove:true,colorIndex:2},
{content:"馬上就下課了，瓦羅藍大陸走起了～～～",time:"37",ismove:true,colorIndex:2}]
//將測試數據備份
copyArray(testArray , testArrayCopy)
/*彈幕對象的構造函數，參數分別是：1.ismove：彈幕是否是移動的彈幕,2.spe:彈幕的移動速度，3.col：彈幕的顏色，4.text：彈幕的文本*/
/*原型鏈方法 setTopValue設置縱坐標，setLeftValue設置橫坐標，moving完成坐標的改變，setId完成id值的設置*/
function Caption( ismove , spe , col , text ) {
this.isMove = ismove
this.speed = spe
this.color = col || "#ff0"
this.content = text
this.latestTime = 0
this.width = text.length * 20
this.id = 0
this.topIndex = 0
this.occupyPos = true
this.top = 300
this.left = 0
this.setLeftValue()
this.setTopValue()
}
Caption.prototype.setTopValue = function () {
for(var i = 0 ,len = topObjs.length ; i < len ; i++){
if (topObjs[i].blank) {
this.top = topObjs[i].value
this.topIndex = i
topObjs[i].blank = false
break
}
}
}
Caption.prototype.setLeftValue = function () {
if (this.isMove) {
this.left = cavWidth
}
else {
var contentLength = this.content.length
var nowItemLeft = 420 - contentLength * 9
this.left = nowItemLeft
}
}
Caption.prototype.moving = function () {
if (this.isMove) {
this.left-=this.speed
if ( this.left + this.width < cavWidth && this.occupyPos) {
this.occupyPos = false
topObjs[this.topIndex].blank = true
}
}
else{
this.latestTime += 1
if (this.latestTime > 450) {
topObjs[this.topIndex].blank = true
}
}
}
Caption.prototype.setId = function () {
this.id = capobjId
capobjId++
}
var cap1 = new Caption( false , 1 , 0 , "小禮物走一波，雙擊6666。。。。")
capObjs.push(cap1)
cap1.setId()
//循環遍歷數組，根據對象的屬性繪制在畫布上
function drawAllText () {
ctx.clearRect( 0 , 0 , cavWidth , cavHeight)
ctx.beginPath()
for(var i=0 , len = capObjs . length ; i < len ; i++ ){
ctx.fillStyle = capObjs[i].color
ctx.font = "bold 20px Courier New"
ctx.fillText( capObjs[i].content , capObjs[i].left , capObjs[i].top )
ctx.closePath()
capObjs[i].moving()
// if (capObjs[i].left < - cavWidth ) {
// capObjs.splice (i ,1)
// if excute this statement , will has fault because some item in array is null
// solution is : write a new function to refresh the array
// }
}
}
//更新數組，當對象已經超出范圍的時候從數組刪除這個對象
function refreshObjs(objs) {
for (var i = objs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (objs[i].left < - cavWidth || objs[i].latestTime > 450 ) {
objs.splice(i , 1)
}
}
}
//更新保存彈幕對象的數組
function updateArray () {
var now = parseInt( video.currentTime )
for (var i = testArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
var nowItemTime = parseInt(testArray[i].time)
if ( nowItemTime == now ) {
//首次寫的控制高度的方式，空間利用不充分，后來改為setTopValue中的方式
// var nowItemLeft = getLeftValue(testArray[i])
// var diffTime = Math.abs(nowItemTime - lastItemTime)
// if (diffTime < 6) {
// capHeight += 30
// capHeight = capHeight > 400 ? 20 : capHeight
// }
var temcolor = colors[testArray[i].colorIndex]
var temcap = new Caption ( testArray[i].ismove , 1 , temcolor , testArray[i].content )
capObjs.push(temcap)
capObjs[capObjs.length - 1].setId()
temcap = null
testArray.splice(i,1)
}
}
}
//當用戶點擊send發送彈幕的回調函數
function sendCaption (argument) {
var inputEleTxt = inputEle.value
var now = parseInt( video.currentTime )
var inputIsmoveValue = ismoveInputEle.checked
var temObj = {content:inputEleTxt,time:now,ismove:inputIsmoveValue,colorIndex:selectedColorIndex}
testArray.push(temObj)
inputEle.value = ""
}
// function getLeftValue (obj) {
// if (obj.ismove) {
// return 0
// }
// else {
// var contentLength = obj.content.length
// var nowItemLeft = 420 - contentLength * 9
// return nowItemLeft
// }
// }
//重新啟動canvas，用在人為導致進度條時間的改變
function reinitCav (argument) {
// testArray = testArrayCopy
copyArray(testArrayCopy , testArray)
capObjs = []
capHeight = 0
clearInterval(canvasTimer)
canvasTimer = null
initCanvas()
}
var canvasTimer = null
//初始化canvas，用在開始播放時
function initCanvas () {
if (canvasTimer == null ) {
canvasTimer = setInterval(function (argument) {
drawAllText()
updateArray()
refreshObjs(capObjs)
},10)
}
}//end function initCanvas
//復制數組
function copyArray (arr1 , arr2) {
for (var i =0 , len=arr1.length ; i < len ; i++) {
arr2[i] = arr1[i]
}
}
//color select event 用戶發送彈幕的顏色控制代碼
colorUl.addEventListener("click", function( e ){
var prevSelectItemId = ""
switch (selectedColorIndex) {
case 0:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemFrist"
break;
case 1:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemSecond"
break;
case 2:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemThrid"
break;
case 3:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemFourth"
break;
case 4:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemFifth"
break;
case 5:
prevSelectItemId = "colorItemSixth"
break;
default:
// statements_def
break;
}
var prevSelectItem = document.getElementById(prevSelectItemId)
prevSelectItem.className = ""
var eventTarget = e.target
eventTarget.className = "selectedColor"
var eveTarId = eventTarget.id.substring(9)
switch (eveTarId) {
case "Frist":
selectedColorIndex = 0
break;
case "Second":
selectedColorIndex = 1
break;
case "Thrid":
selectedColorIndex = 2
break;
case "Fourth":
selectedColorIndex = 3
break;
case "Fifth":
selectedColorIndex = 4
break;
case "Sixth":
selectedColorIndex = 5
break;
default:
// statements_def
break;
}
}, false)
video.addEventListener("playing" , function () {
initCanvas()
})
//進度條改變執行代碼
video.addEventListener("timeupdate", function () {
var nowPlayTime = video.currentTime
var diffTime = Math.abs(nowPlayTime - prevPlayTime)
prevPlayTime = nowPlayTime
if (diffTime > 1) {
reinitCav()
}
}, false)
//視頻暫停執行代碼
video.addEventListener("pause" , function () {
clearInterval(canvasTimer)
canvasTimer = null
})
//點擊send的監聽事件
sendEle.addEventListener("click" , sendCaption)
//input的回車監聽事件
inputEle.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) {
var keynum = 0
keynum = window.event ? e.keyCode : e.which
if (keynum == 13) {
sendCaption()
}
})
var aaaa = function() {
alert(1)
}
aaaa()
// function b(aaaa){
// return aaaa()
// }
// b()
}//end
})()感謝你能夠認真閱讀完這篇文章，希望小編分享的“html5如何使用canvas制作彈幕功能”這篇文章對大家有幫助，同時也希望大家多多支持億速云，關注億速云行業資訊頻道，更多相關知識等著你來學習!
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