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1、簡介
MongoDB復制是將數據同步在多個服務器的過程，類似MySQL Replication是一種異步復制；
復制提供了數據的冗余備份，并在多個服務器上存儲數據副本，提高了數據的可用性， 并可以保證數據的安全性。
2、MongoDB復制特點
(1) mongodb的節點有三種角色：primary,seconfary,arbiter,
primary負責處理客戶端請求，讀寫數據；
secondary通過oplog復制主節點上的數據,也可讀數據;
arbiter節點不存儲數據，僅投票功能，所以不需要單獨的硬件配置；
(2)如果primary不可以用，secondary會提升為新的primary; 由參數electionTimeoutMillis=10s控制
3、實驗環境
MongoDB-3.0.6版本
一臺物理機器上三個MongoDB實例，分別占用三個節點
172.16.101.54 27017
172.16.101.54 27018
172.16.101.54 27019
4、創建數據和日志目錄
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/data/{db27017,db27018,db27019}
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/log
5、配置文件/etc/mongod.conf
三個節點分別創建配置文件，文件內容區別是節點不同,其他都相同，參數replSetname用來指定副本集名稱為rs0
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# ll /etc/mongod2701*.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Nov 2 20:21 /etc/mongod27017.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Nov 2 20:13 /etc/mongod27018.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 405 Nov 2 20:13 /etc/mongod27019.conf
mongodb配置文件每個冒號后面要有一個空格，否則會報錯
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# cat /etc/mongod27017.conf systemLog: destination: file path: "/usr/local/mongodb/log/mongod27017.log" logAppend: true storage: dbPath: /usr/local/mongodb/data/db27017 journal: enabled: true processManagement: fork: true pidFilePath: /usr/local/mongodb/data/db27017/mongod27017.pid net: port: 27017 bindIp: 0.0.0.0 setParameter: enableLocalhostAuthBypass: false replication: replSetName: rs0
6、啟動MongoDB
分別啟動三個節點的MongoDB服務，并指定配置文件
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27017.conf
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27018.conf
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27019.conf
7、初始化副本集
登錄27017節點
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongo 172.16.101.54:27017/admin
> rs.initiate()
{
"info2" : "no configuration explicitly specified -- making one",
"me" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"ok" : 1
}
添加成員到副本集，priority大的節點提成為主的可能性就大
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('172.16.101.54:27018')
{ "ok" : 1 }
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add('172.16.101.54:27019',priority:5)
{ "ok" : 1 }
查看副本集配置
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
"_id" : "rs0",
"version" : 3,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {
},
"slaveDelay" : 0,
"votes" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "172.16.101.54:27018",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {
},
"slaveDelay" : 0,
"votes" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "172.16.101.54:27019",
"arbiterOnly" : false,
"buildIndexes" : true,
"hidden" : false,
"priority" : 1,
"tags" : {
},
"slaveDelay" : 0,
"votes" : 1
}
],
"settings" : {
"chainingAllowed" : true,
"heartbeatTimeoutSecs" : 10,
"getLastErrorModes" : {
},
"getLastErrorDefaults" : {
"w" : 1,
"wtimeout" : 0
}
}
}查看各個角色狀態
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "rs0",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:27:44.570Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 626,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541161589, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:26:29Z"),
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1541161465, 2),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:24:25Z"),
"configVersion" : 3,
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 161,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541161589, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:26:29Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:27:43.430Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:27:43.311Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"syncingTo" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"configVersion" : 3
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 75,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541161589, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:26:29Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:27:43.430Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T12:27:43.430Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
"configVersion" : 3
}
],
"ok" : 1
}8、數據同步測試
向27017節點插入數據
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongo 172.16.101.54:27017/admin
rs0:PRIMARY> db.user.insert({"username":"test","age":12,"sex":"m"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
rs0:PRIMARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bdc65ff048de313da6c425a"), "username" : "test", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m" }
數據成功的同步到27018和27019節點
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongo 172.16.101.54:27018/admin
rs0:SECONDARY> db.getMongo().setReadPref('secondaryPreferred')
rs0:SECONDARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bdc65ff048de313da6c425a"), "username" : "test", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m" }
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongo 172.16.101.54:27019/admin
rs0:SECONDARY> db.getMongo().setReadPref('secondaryPreferred')
rs0:SECONDARY> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bdc65ff048de313da6c425a"), "username" : "test", "age" : 12, "sex" : "m" }
9、AutoFailover測試
kill當前的primary27017節點
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# ps -ef|grep mongod
root 5703 1 0 20:17 ? 00:00:52 bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27017.conf
root 5747 1 0 20:17 ? 00:00:51 bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27018.conf
root 5979 1 0 20:20 ? 00:00:52 bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27019.conf
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# kill -9 5703
可以看到27019變成primary,此時27017不可用
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongo 172.16.101.54:27018/admin
rs0:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "rs0",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:10:18.746Z"),
"myState" : 2,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:10:18.631Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:09:28.583Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Failed attempt to connect to sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017; couldn't connect to server sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017 (172.16.101.54), connection attempt failed",
"configVersion" : -1
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 10349,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541170688, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T14:58:08Z"),
"configVersion" : 3,
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 9827,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541170688, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T14:58:08Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:10:18.611Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:10:18.592Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1541171370, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:09:30Z"),
"configVersion" : 3
}
],
"ok" : 1
}重新啟動27017節點，會自動變成了27019的備庫，說明auto failover成功了
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27017.conf
rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "rs0",
"date" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:13:27.035Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "sht-sgmhadoopcm-01:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 42,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541170688, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T14:58:08Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:13:26.764Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:13:25.055Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"configVersion" : 3
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 10017,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541170688, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T14:58:08Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:13:26.662Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:13:26.678Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
"configVersion" : 3
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "172.16.101.54:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 10349,
"optime" : Timestamp(1541170688, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T14:58:08Z"),
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1541171370, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-11-02T15:09:30Z"),
"configVersion" : 3,
"self" : true
}
],
"ok" : 1
}FAQ
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27017.conf &
[1] 4885
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 mongodb]# Error parsing YAML config file: yaml-cpp: error at line 8, column 11: illegal map value
try 'bin/mongod --help' for more information
[1]+ Exit 2 bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod27017.conf
原因是配置文件/etc/mongod.conf冒號后面沒有跟空格。
參考鏈接
MongoDB Replication
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