Syntax errors: These errors occur when the code does not follow the rules and syntax of the C++ language. This can include missing semicolons, incorrect variable names, or using the wrong type of brackets.

Linker errors: These errors occur when the linker is unable to find the required libraries or functions needed to build the program. This can happen if a library is not included in the build process or if there are errors in the linking process.

Compiler errors: These errors occur when the compiler is unable to compile the code due to syntax errors, type mismatches, or other issues. This can include errors such as undeclared variables, missing function definitions, or incorrect function calls.

Runtime errors: These errors occur during the execution of the program and can be caused by a variety of issues, such as accessing memory that has not been allocated, dividing by zero, or accessing out-of-bounds array elements.

Undefined behavior: This occurs when the program behavior is not defined by the C++ standard, leading to unexpected results. This can include issues such as using uninitialized variables, accessing memory out of bounds, or using invalid pointers.

Memory leaks: These errors occur when the program does not properly release memory that has been allocated, leading to a loss of available memory over time. This can cause the program to slow down or crash due to running out of memory.

Segmentation faults: These errors occur when a program tries to access memory that it does not have permission to access, leading to a crash. This can happen if the program dereferences a null pointer or accesses memory that has been freed.